The Cold War ( 1945-1989 ) - 1495 Words

The Cold War (1945-1989) was essentially a period in which fear ran rampant. Everyone in America, from the young children to the President, was afraid. People were afraid because they believed their freedom and security was being threatened by communist spies. They were afraid that communism would take over the world and wipe out democracy. They were afraid that a nuclear attack would occur and render them and the American economy helpless. In the midst of all their fear, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected and managed to allay their fears by implementing new policies and expanding FDR’s New Deal, which was instrumental in ending the Great Depression. During the Cold War, people all over the world were in a constant state of fear: â€Å"...the world is suffering from a multiplicity of fears. We fear the men in the Kremlin, we fear what they will do to our friends around them; we are fearing what unwise investigators will do to us here at home as they try to combat sub version or bribery or deceit within. We fear depression; we fear the loss of jobs† (Document A). In this document, President Eisenhower, while speaking at a press conference, acknowledges the fears that are affecting the American people and the people around the world. In doing so, he is showing that he is aware of the situation that the people are enduring, as well as warning them about the consequences of acting solely out of fear: â€Å"All of these, with their impact on the human mind, make us act almostShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union980 Words   |  4 PagesHarbor, Hawaii, combined with Adolf Hitler’s declaring war on the United States, propelled America into World War II from 1939-1945. After War World II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as world powers, and the competition for the restructuring of Europe and the world was on. In the race for economic expansion, Americans loyalty and patriotism was tested influencing an urge to c onform. However, the following events such as The Cold War, Containment, Domino Theory, Containments failure,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was not a bloody war, but rather a political war between the United States and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Although war usually ends up in bloodshed, this particular war brought beneficial changes into todays society. The Cold War, in a nutshell, was the fight for communism vs. capitalism. With this, I contend, that there are various contributions from this war, that created the society that we live in today. At the end of World War Two, came the beginning of theRead MoreNuclear War1088 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning toward the management of nuclear weapons.. Annotated Bibliography Cold War. Gale Student Resources in Context, Gale, 2017. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/YNKKJO509087257/SUIC?u=j079907999xid=32b94e98. Accessed 18 Oct. 2017. This showed me background of the cold war . It also told me what the use and the soviet union disliked about each other and what led to the Space race The Cold War ended as a result of internal factors such as Gorbachevs reforms, the weakRead MoreWar: Nuclear Power1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a time of great tension all over the world. From 1945 to 1989, the United States was the leader and nuclear power and was competing with the Soviet Union to create huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons. However, even though the Cold War ended, nuclear weapons are still a threat. Countries around the world strive to create nuclear power, and they do not promise to use it for peaceful purposes. Some examples of the struggles caused by nuclear weapons include the bombings of HiroshimaRead MoreCold War And Its Effect On The End Of War1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1945, right after the end of Second World War, cold war broke out. Cold war is the conflict about economic, political and ideology between the USA and the USSR. These countries made this world separated, especially within European countries, into two with super enormous po wer. In this essay, brief introduction of cold war and the most effective factor to contribute to the end of war will be analysed. When it comes back to the beginning of cold war, in 1946, the barrier which called Iron wallRead MoreIb Hl History Ia1632 Words   |  7 PagesHL History Internal Assessment Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? Word Count: 1,634 Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation focuses on the impact that President Ronald Reagan had on ending the Cold War between the United States of America and the Soviet Union during the 1980’s. The use of historian argumentation, primary sources, such as Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on DefenseRead MoreOvercoming The Cold War Required Courage From The People1104 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming the Cold War required courage from the people of Central and Eastern Europe and what was then the German Democratic Republic, but it also required the steadfastness of Western partner over many decades when many had long lost hope of integration of the two Germanys and Europe. (Angela Merkel- Read more at: https:// www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/angelamerk416808.html?src=t_cold_war.) But the Cold war was between the Soviet Union and the United States and how once they was united andRead MorePower, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War Answer each of the following questions in a single paragraph: 1. What role did atomic weapons play in the Cold War? Summarize nuclear developments from 1945 to 1991. After the Second World War, United States and the Soviet Union entered into a Cold War that lasted more the 40 years because both sides had Atomic Weapons that were aimed at each other with each side fearing and dreading what a Hot War would cause if Atomic Weapons were used. Nuclear developments from 1945-1991Read MoreThe Alliance of Britain, USSR, and the United States During WWII was a Marriage of Convenience1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe alliance between Britain, the USSR and the USA during the Second World War has often been viewed as a marriage of convenience. They unified to defeat one common enemy, Nazi Germany. At the beginning of the Second World War the USA remained neutral, although they acted sympathetically towards the British cause against Nazi Germany. In 1941, the then president of the United States Franklin Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arranged a meeting at the sea off the coast ofRead MoreThe Cold War Had A Myriad Of Factors That Contributed To1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War had a myriad of factors that contributed to the ignition of the war between the United States and the USSR, but the primary contributing factors, such as the Nuclear Arms Race, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Blockade of Berli n, shows the USSR is to blame for causing the Cold War, even though the United States is responsible because of the policy of containment. The Cold War had many factors that contributed to the start of the war between the United States and the USSR, but the

Race And Jury The Decision Making Of Juries And Race

Race and Jury: The Decision-Making of Juries and Race When thinking of a jury, there is a belief that everyone is fair when it comes to making the decision of whether the person being accused of the crime is guilty or not guilty because of the person’s race. What if this belief is not necessarily correct? There have been many instances in whether race has been a factor when the jury makes a decision. According to Baskin, Goldstein, and Sommers (2014), there has been enough evidence to show that racial biases influences the decisions of a jury. In this paper, the articles will show how jury decision-making is influenced by the offender’s race. Questioning Assumptions about Race, Social Class and Crime Portrayal: An Analysis of Ten Years of Law and Order Pop culture media, like Law and Order, has a way of showing people how crime is portrayed. Case (2013), mentions that past studies about the representation of crime in the media has increasingly shown fear to the public and portraying unrealistic standards of how crime is in the real world. Media likes to exaggerate how things truly are in the real world, which is why people believe what the media portrays. People will believe that everything they see in a television show can truly happen in the real world, which certain things can happen but not everything. If people end up believing in how the media portrays crime then people will be living in fear of their society being more violent than it actually is (Case, 2013). InShow MoreRelatedResearch on Jury Bias1351 Words   |  6 PagesJury Bias With jury bias we examined that the perspective taking, victim impact statements and race of the victim had no main effects with ps 0.26 and no significant interactions either with ps 0.64. Jury Race The race of the jury was divided into white and non-white participants. An ANOVA was then run with perspective taking, victim impact statements, and race of the victim as the between-participants factors to test against empathy felt for the defendant, for the victim, for the victim’s significantRead MoreWhat Factors Influence Jury Decision Making?1326 Words   |  6 PagesYesenia Granados Research paper Final draft What factors influence jury decision making? A psychological research suggested that once people begin to form an impression, they unwillingly interpret, seek and begin to create behavioral decision making, and data can verify that (Rassin, Eric; Sommer, Samuel; Miller, Monica; Yaniv, Oren). Even if there is no prior personally relevant reason to confirm a hypothesis, people seem to favor confirmation as the default testing strategy. Further hypothesizedRead MoreRacial Mixed Jurry Reforms973 Words   |  4 PagesRacial Mixed Jury Reforms [Writer’s Name] [Institute Name] Details: The Supreme Court has repeatedly asserted that a defendant is not entitled to a jury composed in whole or in part of persons of his own race. Although these rulings establish that states are not obligated to use racially mixed juries, they do not prohibit states from doing so. In fact, a number of policymakers and legal scholars have proposed reformsRead MoreJury Nullification1252 Words   |  6 PagesCJA/344 August 28, 2014 Thomas Bullock Jury Nullification is the process that allows members of the juror to acquit a defendant for crimes they do not feel is grounds for punishment. Although, many jurors may not know this is an option to many cases, it is still an option. If citizens use this option in many of the courtroom proceedings, there will be fewer people who are serving time in prison. On the other hand, this does interfere with the decision- making process. This paper will explain whetherRead MoreEssay On The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing1510 Words   |  7 PagesFreiburger, T. L., Hilinski, C. M. (2013). An examination of the interactions of race and gender on sentencing decisions using a trichotomous dependent variable. Crime Delinquency, 59(1), 59-86. doi:10.1177/0011128708330178 Freiburger and Hilinski take a critical look at how gender, race and age affect outcomes for sentences of probation, jail and prison. In this study, they look at how young, middle-aged and older black women, white women, black men and white men are comparatively sentencedRead MoreThe Influence of Defendant Gender and Crime Types towards Juror Decisions981 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The influence of defendant gender and crime types towards juror decisions. Jury trials play a centrally important role in the law, therefore it is crucial for the juror to stay neutral in making decision. However, several research shows that stereotyping is one of the most debatable issues related to juries’ decision (Bornstein Greene, 2011). In refer to Bornstein and Greene (2011), the stereotype that females and males generally labelled in specific crime be likely to be true in theRead MoreDisparities of the Death Penalty850 Words   |  3 Pagesdisparity of application (gender, race) 1. Disparity of application of the death penalty is a researched and heavily discussed topic. There is no disparity applied to the death penalty due to race. Many individuals believe that discrimination against minorities directly contributes to the amount of offenders on death row that are African American, Hispanic, or part of a different minority group. These trends exist for a reason, however I believe the reason is due to the fact that individuals striveRead MoreJury System1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jury System CLU 3M1 By: Khalil Meghji The jury system has been used for thousands of years to fairly determine innocence or guilt in a trial. Although not utilized as much as in the past it is still used for most criminal and some civil cases. This leads to an unjust legal system full of bias. The jury system was first seen in use by the ancient Greeks thousands of years ago[1]. Though the system was the fairestRead MoreThe Jury System Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe right to trial by jury in the modern times originates from twelfth century England during the reign of King Henry II. This system may originate from an â€Å"ancient right for an accused to be tried only â€Å"by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land†Ã¢â‚¬  (Thomas). In the United States, trial by jury is mentioned in Article Three of the Constitution and the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments. For many people, the jury system seems to be the fairest system and most unbiased way of determiningRead MoreRace And Class : The American Criminal Justice System903 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Class in the American Criminal Justice System In the article â€Å"Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System† by David Cole the inequality within the United State s Criminal Justice System is summarized. David Cole is a graduate from Yale University where he has received his law and bachelor’s degree. He specializes in many different fields of Criminal Justice, and is a fairly well known writer regarding legal affairs and political actions like civil liberties and national security

The, Part E Race And Colonialism - 1849 Words

Theoretical Concepts Found Helpful The theoretical concepts that was helpful ware â€Å"Part E: Race and Colonialism†, this section was an eye opener to the realities aboriginal people endured in colonial and post colonial times. However, to be more specific the topics on Aboriginal Social Work Education in Canada: Decolonizing Pedagogy for the Seventh Generation, writer by Raven Sinclair helped me see these realities more in depth. For instance, in the first page of the article Sinclair reminds us that 150 – 300 children were lost in British Columbia through child welfare. (2004) This particular article was helpful because it deconstructed the notion I had from the dominant group here in Canada. When Raven Sinclair also goes on explaining that western hegemony is being taught from top to bottom and always alienating aboriginal teachings and beliefs. (2004) Gave me a clear understanding as to how important is for us as Social Workers to become agents of change, by learning about the true historical backgrounds of aboriginals and in turn become an ally and bring forth changes in social perspectives, in essence to deconstruct that western hegemony and as Sinclair asserts as â€Å"Conscientization is a critical approach†¨to liberatory education† (2004) The reading that also captivated me and had a big impact was â€Å"Indigenous Wholistic Theory: A Knowledge Set for Practice† by Kathy Absolona (2010) as it brought light to the knowledge indigenous people have. Moreover, on the second pageShow MoreRelatedThe Earliest Movements For Repatriation By Black Americans1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late nineteenth-century reflected the ways in which the gratuity of violence of both colonialism and slavery created a dialectical tension between Black Americans and Continental Africans. The psychological and social effects of this violence manifested in the concerns W. E. B. Du Bois discusses in relation to double consciousness. Amongst the most important of them would be the ways in slavery and colonialism had shaped Black Americans perspectives of themselves, Continental Africans and AfricaRead MoreRacism And The Social Structures Of Race Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of race has been constructed over hundreds of years, with n umerous cultural implications arising from this construction. Since Johann Fredrich Blumenbach’s racial hierarchy, the inventor of a â€Å"†¦modern racial classification (Gould 1994:66), the idea of race as a scientific truth justified slavery, colonisation and other existing racial structures. We see these racial hierarchies with notions of white superiority affecting events around the globe everyday; regardless of the fact that race has beenRead MoreHit A Six With Australia s National Identity1465 Words   |  6 Pagescricket have assisted the emerging nation of Australia to establish its identity. The prevalence of cricket in Australia constitutes what Markovits and Hellerman (2001) coin a, â€Å"hegemonic sports culture†, and subsequently represents an influential part of Australian culture. However, the modernity discourse undermines the degree to which Australian identity is taking into account British Legacy.Today the Australian culture is comprised of a differing scope of encounters, nationalities and culturesRead More Capitalism Was Behind American Colonization of Puerto Rico Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom, was erected in response to the oppressive nature of colonialism. On July Fourth, 1776, the original thirteen colonies declared their independence, because the weight of Great Britain’s colonial restrictions proved to be too burdensome. The Constitution was signed shortly thereafter to protect American citizen’s rights from being abridged in the future. America was created as a direct response to the harmful nature of colonialism, however it soon forgot its idealistic birth. Freedom for allRead MoreRace, Class And Gender1032 Words   |  5 Pages IN WHAT WAYS DO RACE, CLASS AND GENDER SHAPE PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES IN PRISON? DRAW ON THEORIES AND EXAMPLES/CASE STUDIES TO SUPPORT YOUR CASE. OVERVIEW This essay will explore how race, class and gender shapes practices and experiences in prison. Firstly, a discussion of prison in general is necessary. In other words, what constitutes prisons, its aims and objectives and prison culture (Reeves, 2015). Currently there are 38,845 prisoners in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016)Read MoreRace, Ethnicity, Art and Film Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper tries to analyze race relations, ethnicity and how art and film relates to these social issues in their cultural context. Art and film have played vital roles in advocating for a society free of ethnicity and racism. Using vivid descriptions and evidence of both text and a movie this paper seeks to relate accordingly the concerned issues and factors affecting these social vices. It will demonstrate race and ethnic tendencies in diverse cultural contexts. As a demographic phenomenonRead MoreThe Black Of Black Is Ugly1529 Words   |  7 Pageswhiteness, one means notion of beauty and intelligence identified with whiteness, which in the same time in an implicit way exclude blackness and darkness. Extensive research in the United States has documented implicit and explicit bias based not just on race, but also skin tone — what anthropologists call â€Å"colorism,† described by the researchers Keith Maddox and Stephanie Gray as â€Å"the tendency to perceive or behave toward members of a racial category based on the lightness or darkness of their skin toneRead MoreNationalism, Industrialization, And Colonialism On Wwi And Its Occurrence1353 Words   |  6 Pagesmillions was shed. The war had far-reaching consequences for all nations that were involved in the conflict such that the entire boundaries of many countries were remarked. This paper will discuss the impact of nationalism, industrialization, and colonialism on WWI and its occurrence. Nationalism’s Effect on World War I The political and social conditions of Europe before the onset of the World War I were extremely unstable and undergoing a rapid transition that was driven by national interests ofRead MoreAfrican Vs. African American Experiences And Relations1862 Words   |  8 Pagesmy paper. What are the factors that hinder the relationship between Africans and African-American people? History: One of the main historical aspects that hinders the relationship between Africans and African-Americans are institutions such as colonialism, slavery (Trans-Atlantic slave trade) and the extraction of Africans into the Americas in 1850’s where slavery hit its peak and expanded. Slavery is one of the most important institutions that contributed towards the disconnection and loss of AfricanRead MoreEssay on Crowd Control vs Crowd Management (for a Powerpoint)924 Words   |  4 Pagesreason. -Riots are a result of= poor living conditions, government oppression, efforts at taxation or conscription, conflicts b/w races or religions, or even the outcome of a sporting event or as protest against perceived cultural colonialism. *Riot Control: 1. Terms: a. Police must not be affected by the content of the opinions being expressed nor by the race, gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, appearances, or affiliation of anyone exercising their lawful rights. (Unprofessional

Human Trafficking And Its Effects On Society - 1206 Words

Human rights are something that everyone receives as soon as they are born in the world. These rights are given to everyone just for simply living on the earth no matter their race, sex, religion, or ethnicity. When someone tries to take one of those rights away it is called a human rights violation. A right that is interesting is the Right to Freedom. Something that violates the Right to Freedom is human trafficking, which also violates the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery in 1865, with the help of Abraham Lincoln. Human trafficking can be used for many different things such as torture, forced labor, sexual diminuendos, organ removal and debt bondage, all of these resulting in the profit of money. The use of humans for money is†¦show more content†¦The image is in black and white like a barcode is. The people in the image are of various ages because people who are trafficked usually have different values depending on their age and/or condition. The quote that is on th e image states, â€Å"Each year, thousands of women and girls, men and boys are trafficked in this country and around the world† (Hudson, et. al). This quote on the image is from the All We Want is Love website, which is all about the protection of people and fighting things like human trafficking. The only visible figurative language, is that everyone is just a number and a statistic. This is because if you look at the image, they all have a different number barcode and sku. This is because no two people are alike, so the people used in trafficking will never have the same number, so they are just another number with a face in the twisted system of human trafficking. Seeing these images can let people think about what they could do if they see someone in a situation like this, do they walk away and do nothing or do they stop and report it? The use of pathos in this image helps make the image’s message effective because it wants people to see that everyone is a human being, but to others, they are just an item with a price tag for sale. Although less effective than pathos, logos is another rhetorical appeal used in this image. It is used by giving the rough number of how many people are used for

Trade Promotion Strategies Best Practices

Question: Discuss about the Trade Promotion Strategies Best Practices. Answer: Introduction: BHP Billiton is the leading global resource organization and committed to conviction that goals of the business can be attained through fairness, integrity and Honesty.The Company focuses on fair trading, providing quality product and following government rules and regulations (Burrell and McGinn, 2009). The company understands its rights and obligations while dealing with suppliers, wholesalers and other businesses. Fair trade practices will help the company to compete fairly with their competitors in the market. BHP Billiton make agreements with their competitors to rig bids, fix prices and profit sharing. The customers are protected from being cheated and provided with appropriate products and services. The strategies that have been taken by the company in order to encourage fair trading are as follows: The organization follows the anti-bribery act as per the rules and regulations implemented by the government of Australia. The company has established a specific set of rules and policies for the working partners and stakeholders The code of ethics set minimum standard for fair trade practices that are followed by the managers and employees. The price of the products and services are set by the company as per the government policies and regulation. The policies, standards and guidelines section includes policy statements and many key areas of conducting business. The employees should comply with the regulations and laws relating to the business conduct (Griggs et al., 2012).The company follows rules and policies as stated under competition and consumer Act 2010.It includes understanding of the regulations and laws relevant to the work and complying with the policy and legal requirements of the nation. The company operates in many countries and has to follow the laws such as fair trade practices in Australia, anti- trust law in CCA as mentioned with depicting the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA (Code of Business Conduct, 2016) The employees of the company work within the rules and regulation that helps to provide quality goods to the customers as well as building relationship with the stakeholders. An appropriate trade agreement with the suppliers, contractors and partners will help to establish fair trade business as well as avoiding any conflicts with them. The managers play a significant role in developing trust and loyalty with the customers, communities and communities in which the company operates (Miller, Sims and Miller, 2013). The company has appropriately followed the rules and policies of Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The rules and policies adopted by the company help to promote fair trade practices within the country. The competition in the market increases with the increase in fair trade practices. The strategies are implemented such encouraging unilateral deductions on the imported goods tariff and following trade hours and rules within the territory or state boundaries. The rules of Com petition and Consumer Act 2010 are also followed by the company such as equal employment opportunities, fair trade practices etc. The price of the products is set by the company as per the market demand and government rules and regulations. Breaches of the competition law would be considered as serious consequences for the company and individuals who are involved. The company has implemented these strategies to conduct fair trade practices and prohibiting breach of competition laws as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The increase in market shares and profitability shows that the company is conducting a fair business practices as well as working as per the interest of the customers (Thomas, 2010). BHP Billiton is fully committed to compliance with the competition law, active cooperation and engagement with the competition laws and enforcement of the laws against third parties who acts in anti competitive manner. BHP Billiton can improve its management activity in the competition law compliance. An effective competition and fair trade practices will help to increase the sale of products, value for the customer and drives productivity. The goals should be clearly described and to be followed by the staff members. Direct communication by the chief executives and other members of management department underlines the significance of competition law compliance. The company should provide adequate training in the field of marketing and delivery quality product and services to their customers as well as building healthy relationships with the stakeholders (Tony Ciro, et.al, 2014). Making very clear to the staff members and managers that breach of the competition law policy of the company will be considered as misconduct as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The rules and regulations of the company should be clearly stated in the annual report of the company. Establishing an appropriate system with the senior management through which the staff members can anonymously and confidentially alert the compliance management within the company. The customers should be provided with quality product and service as well serving the interest of the community. The managers should determine and evaluate the risks associated with the competition law and it often depends on the size and nature of the business. The business rules and policies should be implemented under which the managers should show their commitment to the competition law compliance which is described as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The role of the managers is to fix prices, increasing market shares and sharing confidential and significant information with the competitors indirectly ort directly (White, 2009). The business contracts should include clear terms and conditions and following the policies implemented by the government. The fin ancial statement shows the actual position of the company in the market and it is responsibility of the auditor to analyze financial report during a period of time. Therefore, the preparation of the financial statements should be appropriate. The aim should be to create value for the shareholders in long run through development, acquisition, discovery and commercialization of the natural resources. The policy of the corporation should be accurate, fair and understandable that should be disclosed in documents and reports are described as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA (Borgeon and Cellich, 2012). The case considered for Bungee World Ltd depicts accident that took place unknowingly. It thereby shows the incident that occurred determines the fault of the manager who is at the post of the safety operations of Bungee World Ltd. It is responsibility of the manager to cross check the equipments used in the sport of Bungee and thereby the considerations must be undertaken with solving the faults during checking of the equipments (Ong, 2007).Competition and Consumer Act 2010 puts emphasis on fair trade practices and it is important for the company to do business ethically. According to the stage (ii) competency standards of Australian engineering depicts the breaching of personal commitments obligation to community, value in the workplace and the technical proficiency of the 2012 competency standards of the National Professional Engineers Register (Engineers Australia, 2016). As per the Act of negligence of Australia, individuals planning to bungee jump must meet the criteria to limi t health which is determined as another risk factor. Sufficient control of medical conditions are prohibited for the following or related conditions as it is crucial to seek professional counsel with a physician or nurse practitioner which are provided below:- Unusual blood pressure Unusual heart rate or rhythm Back or leg problems Problems in Breathing system Problems of Circulatory system Head injuries Bungee jumping is a danger pursuit. Various injuries are occurred during bungee jumping like Eye Injuries, Spine Injuries, Neck Injuries, and Death, as for that safety is very much necessary during bungee jumping (Shaw, 2003). The safety harness seems to fail to operate in an appropriate manner for Loki who is the investment banker. The operations that are carried out by the organization Bungee World Ltd depicts the risks and life threatening sport with thereby depicting the awareness against the people with the consideration of their precious lives. The enhancements made helps in creating the values and thereby the considerations are created for mitigating the risk factors. In the given case, the act of Bungee World Ltd is an act of negligence as per the Australian law. Due to the negligence of the company the incident happened and the company is responsible for that as per the tort law. As per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5, the elastic rope is responsible for the Bungee Ju mping incident and thereby the considerations are created which are used for the commercial operators in the factory who produced braided shock cord. This generally consists of many latex threads which are included for creating a tough outer cover and thereby creating a tough outer part. It thereby also helps in the enhancement of the coverings that are represented for making it bouncing which seems to be elastic in nature. With all the considerations made in this case, the law represents that the steel platform has to be attached with the safety rope which created the main problem. It also consists of the hands in creating the public damages and thereby also provided the various physical damages that are considered in this case. The law of engineering default is depicted which shows untied safety rope and the weakening of the rope produced by the company. This improper maintenance created by the manager helps in indicating the negligence act conducted. With the consideration of providing recommendations, the consideration of the analysis is created with damaging the public relations and thereby the solutions can be depicted in an appropriate manner for the enhancement of the problems (Nottage, 2010).According to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, the companies should operate their business fairly and providing quality services to their customers. It thereby focuses on the recommending the changes w hich must be made is related to the steel platform and the corrosions that had taken in the case helps in considering the issues that are depicted for the enhancement of the case study. . The civil liability act can be used by the company to defend itself and showing that the company is not responsible for the act. The changes regarding the structure of the platform must be changed and thereby the considerations are created as per the law of the negligence. As per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5, Bungee World Ltd states that the incident undertaken represents the negligence of the managers of the company and thereby the act seems to be implemented on the case Therefore, the above mentioned laws are implemented with depicting considerations made for the case study. It clearly indicates the law of negligence that is undertaken for Loki and thereby it sets the example for the negligence undertaken by the manager with also indicating the construction faults as indicated in the rope as per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5 is indicated in this case. Henceforth the recommendation that is provided that the decrement in elasticity is very much essential for the enhancement of the Bungee Jumping and thereby the problems can be easily mitigated with considering the values lives of the people or the public. With the increment in the elasticity, the enhancements are depicted as forth the impact is created in focusing on the physical damages that are made. In order to reduce the threats regarding the lives, the changes are very much essential for the purpose of creating a profitable organization. Henceforth the case depicted represents the dangers for the common people who would like to try the game and thereby the case depicts that Lokis life was in danger but fortunately he was saved. The National Employment Standards (NES) are minimum employment entitles that are provided to all the employees of the organization. The National Minimum Wage helps in the creation of the minimum entitlements for the employees seems to be fixed in Australia. The award seems to be related employment contract with creating appropriate agreement or the other registered agreements which are provided with not less than the ten conditions of national minimum wages or the NES. Henceforth the NES in this case cannot be excluded (Fair work, 2016). The discussion provides the appropriate definition of NES which must be included for the appropriate enhancement of the company. The entitlements of NES are maximum weekly hours, flexible working arrangements, parental leave, annual leave, personal carers leave, long service leave, community service leave, public holidays, fair work information, termination notice and redundancy pay. All the employees present in the system of the national workplace relation seem to be covered by the NES regardless of the award which is registered by the agreement or employment contract which is applied (Australian Fair Work Act 2009, 2013). The casual employees only receive the NES entitlements which are related to the following:- Unpaid compassionate leave Unpaid community service leave Unpaid carers leave The fair work information statement Flexible working arrangements Annual leave long service leave The long casual leaves are also eligible for some case of the service leaves and thereby the emphasis is created. This helps in the systematic regulation of the employees and thereby the rotation of the 123 months period is included for each and every employee (Towards more productive and equitable workplaces, 2012). The appropriate benefits are mentioned above helps the employees to receive the benefits in an appropriate manner from the Company BHP. For ensuring that the company BHP is not contravening the standards, can only be depicted by the appropriate judgment of the standards of NES being implemented on the employees in an appropriate manner. The standard is followed by the company BHP Billiton that are as follows: Maximum Weekly hours of the work must be appropriately depicted. Requesting the flexible working arrangements Parental leave and the other related entitlements Annual leave consisting of four weeks paid leave per year plus the additional week of the certain shift workers. Personal/careers leave with the compassionate leave Community service leave Long service leave Public holidays Notice of termination with the redundancy pay Fair work information statement must be provided to all the workers with determining the information about the freedom of association and the termination of employment is also included (Understanding the Fair Work Act, 2011). The respective roles of the fair work must be included with the creation of the consideration in this case. The case study depicts that Rebecca is a self-working woman who is only able to communicate in English at a basic level. The consideration of the case helps in depicting the appropriate representation of the Dave of which Rebecca received a random call from the Free Plumbing services. Dave explained all the details to Rebecca and thereby it seems to that the Rebecca is seemed to be forced with depicting the nature of the case(Australian Law Legislation, 2016). With all the enforcement being made by the Dave to Rebecca, the net outcomes that she was agreed to take the product Ono water filter from Dave for which she signed the agreement without going through the document. Then she paid to Dave $2000 in cash and then he installed the device. Acts The case clearly depicts the enforcement of selling of the products as per the Australian Consumer law. The case simply depicts the enactment of the enforcement of selling the commodity to the customers with pressurizing the customer. As per the Australian law of the Consumer Act under the case study of Richard Johnstone and Christine Parker, Enforceable Undertakings in Action Report of a Roundtable Discussion with Australian Regulators (February 2010), the seller is not liable to pressurize the customer for buying the product and henceforth if disobeyed then the according to the Act, the consumers are liable to take legal action against the seller which simply depicted in this case study (Competition and Consumer Act 2010, 2016). It thereby also helps in enacting the customers which seems to be liable for the enhancement of the law; thereby it also depicts the enhancement of the conduct that seems to be created in the case of the Commercial Bank v Amadio: High Court Decision: The H C develops certain special disadvantages. These include poverty, language, age, infirmity, education levels Section s20 of the ACL has codified these disadvantages. The Australian Consumer Law of section 22, Part2-2--Unconscionable conduct is also depicted in this case of Dave and Rebecca. These simply depicts that the Rebecca is liable for taking legal actions against the enforcement made by the seller Dave for the product Ono water filter (Malbon and Nottage, 2013). As per the ACCC act with depicting the protection of the consumers, Issue 3:Terms that unfairly restrict the consumers right to terminate the contract, depicts the cancellation of the contract for Rebecca. Principles According to the Australian Consumer Law of section 22, Part2-2--Unconscionable conduct, the unconscionable conduct affecting the customers seems to be related to this case and thereby the considerations are created with the enhancement of the general customers. Dave enforced Rebecca to buy the product for the purpose of completing the target provided to the Dave and thereby the unconscionable conduct was conducted by Dave in this case. It includes that the enforcement of the customers must not be undertaken with creating the conduct unconscionable. Dave forced Rebecca to purchase the water filter and it would be considered as an unconscionable behavior. The provisions that are made connected to the section 3 of the consumer guarantees and thereby the protection of the customer is seemed to be enacted by the section 21(Tarakson, 2007). The significance of this case is depicted as per the case study of Christine Parker, Restorative Justice in Business Regulation? The Australian Compet ition and Consumer Commissions Use of Enforceable Undertakings (2004) 67(2)The Modern Law Review209, with thereby considering the consumer purchase and thereby the legal considerations are undertaken with depicting the views of the product and henceforth the enhancements are made accordingly as per the states of the mind is depicted. The misleading conduct is applied which is undertaken in this case study and thereby the considerations are created with the contract that seems to be created accordingly (Nottage, 2010). References Australian Fair Work Act 2009. (2013). Sydney: CCH Australia. Australian Law Legislation, (2016).Library Guides: Australian Law Legislation: the Australasian Legal Information Institute Database (AustLII): Welcome. [online] Libguides.melbournepolytechnic.edu.au. Available at: https://libguides.melbournepolytechnic.edu.au/lawaustlii [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Borgeon, M. and Cellich, C. (2012).Trade promotion strategies best practices. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Burrell, D. and McGinn, J. (2009).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Competition and Consumer Act 2010, (2016).Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [online] Legislation.gov.au. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2015C00327 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Code of Business Conduct, (2016). [online] Bhpbilliton.com. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/aboutus/ourcompany/code-of-business-conduct/160310_codeofbusinessconduct_english.pdf?la=en Engineers Australia, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Fair work, (2016).Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Fair Work Ombudsman. Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Griggs, L., Duke, A., Nielsen, J. and Cejnar, L. (2012).Competition law in Australia. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law Business, Kluwer Law International. Malbon, J. and Nottage, L. (2013).Consumer law policy in Australia New Zealand. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Miller, R., Sims, R. and Miller, R. (2013).Miller's Australian Competition and Consumer Law annotated. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Law Books. Nottage, L. (2010). Consumer law reform in Australia: Contemporary and Comparative Constructive Criticism.QUT Law Review, 9(2). Ong, D. (2007).Trusts law in Australia. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Shaw, M. (2003).International law. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Tarakson, S. (2007).The law in Australia. Port Melbourne, Vic.: Heinemann Library. Thomas, G. (2010).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Tony Ciro, et.al, (2014).Law and Business - Oxford University Press. [online] Oup.com.au. Available at: https://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/law/commercial__and__business_law/9780195524048 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Towards more productive and equitable workplaces. (2012). Canberra: A.C.T. Understanding the Fair Work Act. (2011). North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. White, R. (2009).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia.

History Of Philippine Cinema Argumentative Essay Example For Students

History Of Philippine Cinema Argumentative Essay History of Philippine Cinema Introduction The youngest of the Philippine arts, film has evolved to become the most popular of all the art forms. Introduced only in 1897, films have ranged from silent movies to talkies; black and white to color. Outpacing its predecessors by gaining public acceptance, from one end of the country to the other, its viewers come from all walks of life. Nationwide, there are more than 1000 movie theaters. Early in the 1980s, it was estimated in Metro Manila alone, there were around 2. 5 million moviegoers. As an art form, it reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness. Philippine film as discussed in this paper includes films made by Filipino people exhibited in this country and possibly in other countries from the 1930s to the 1990s. The films may be silent pictures or talkies, black and white or color. They also include films such as documentaries, animation, experimental or alternative films and other types of films. This paper has three purposes or objectives. It intends, first of all, to provide a comprehensible background of the art of film in the Philippines. It provides insights on how the Philippine film has influenced Philippine culture and vice-versa. This is done by documenting the important events and important films in the area of film for the past ninety years. Second, it intends to explain the different trends and styles common in the Philippine film. And finally, it concludes with an analysis on how two important events in history, namely World War II and Martial Law altered the course of contemporary Philippine film. However, this paper is limited to films only from the particular time period of the 1930s to the 1990s. It fails to give a picture of how films were like ever since it started in 1897. This paper is also severely limited due to the unavailability and the lack of materials that discuss thoroughly the history of Philippine film. Film materials for those made during the pre-WWII years are simply non-existent. Data for this paper was gathered from the essays and reviews written by the artists and the critics themselves. It goes without saying that the resources were tested to the limits. CHAPTER 1 I. The 1930s to 1940s A. Early Philippine Films Filipinos started making movies in 1919. However, it would be important to know that the film industry in the Philippines began through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs. Two Swiss entrepreneurs introduced film shows in Manila as early as 1897, regaling audiences with documentary films lips showing recent events and natural calamities in Europe. Not only that but the arrival of the silent films, along with American colonialism, in 1903 created a movie market. But these film clips were still novelties. They failed to hold the audiences attention because of their novelty and the fact that they were about foreigners. When two American entrepreneurs made a film in 1912 about Jose Rizals execution, the sensation they made it clear that the Filipinos need for material close to their hearts. This heralded the making of the first Filipino film. The credit of being the first Filipino to make a film goes to Jose Nepumuceno, whom historians dub as the Father of Philippine Movies. Nepumucenos first film was based on a highly-acclaimed musical play of that day, Dalagang Bukid Country Maiden by Hemogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio. In those early years of filmmaking, enormous capital was needed to keep up with the Hollywood industry. Despite its weak points, Hollywood provided the Philippine film industry with examples that the early filmmakers followed. It is not surprising that many of those same genres set so many years ago still appear in contemporary Philippine films. But it was difficult to match Hollywood style in those days with the meager capital set aside for the developing film industry. Ironically, the same people who helped the film industry develop as a form of expression were the same ones who suppressed this expression. Early film producers includedwealthy Spaniards, American businessmen and Filipino landlords and politicians. It is not surprising that pre-war Philippine movies were inhibited from expressing their views that might question the establishment and were encouraged instead to portray the love and reconciliation between members of different classes Starting with Dalagang Bukid, early films dug into traditional theater forms for character types , twists and turns in the plot, familiar themes and conventions in acting. This set the trend of Philippine films based entirely on immensely popular dramas or sarswelas . Besides providing ready materials, this device of using theater pieces ensured an already existing market. From the komedya of the sarswela, the typical Filipino aksyon movie was to develop. The line dividing the good and the bad in the komedya was religion with the Christians being the good and the Moors representing the bad. In present movies, the line that divides the two is now law or class division. The sinakulo or the passion play was the root of the conventional Filipino melodrama. The Virgin Mary became the all-suffering, all-forgiving Filipino Mother and Jesus was the savior of societies under threat and the redeemer of all those who have gone wrong. Another source of movie themes was Philippine literature. Francisco Baltazar and Jose Rizal, through the classics for which they were famous, have given the industry situations and character types that continue to this day to give meat to films both great and mediocre. Finally, by the 1930s, a few film artists and producers dared to stray from the guidelines and commented on sociopolitical issues, using contemporary or historical matter. Director, actor, writer and producer Julian Manansalas film Patria Amore Beloved Country was almost suppressed because of its anti-Spanish sentiments. This earned him the honor of being dubbed the Father of the Nationalistic Film. Its own share of movie audience and acclaim for local movie stars were signs that the movie industry from 1919 to the 1930s had succeeded. Despite the competition coming from Hollywood, the film industry thrived and flourished. When the 1930s came to a close, it was clear that moviegoing had established itself in the Filipino. B. Wartime Films and the Effect on Philippine Films The Japanese Occupation introduced a new player to the film industry aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Japanese; and a new role for film aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" propaganda : The Pacific War brought havoc to the industry in 1941. The Japanese invasion put a halt to film activity when the invaders commandeered precious film equipment for their own propaganda needs. The Japanese brought their own films to show to Filipino audiences. The films the Japanese brought failed to appeal to audiences the same way the Hollywood-made movies or the locally-made films did. Later on, Japanese propaganda offices hired several local filmmakers to make propaganda pictures for them. One of these filmmakers was Gerardo de Leon. The war years during the first half of the Forties virtually halted filmmaking activities save for propaganda work that extolled Filipino-Japanese friendship, such as The Dawn of Freedom made by director Abe Yutaka and associate director Gerardo de Leon Less propagandistic was Tatlong Maria Three Marias, directed in 1944, by Gerardo de Leon and written for the screen by Tsutomu Sawamura from Jose Esperanza Cruzs novel Despite the destruction and hardships of the war, the people found time for entertainment; and when movies were not being made or imported they turned to live theater which provided alternative jobs for displaced movie folk. The war years may have been the darkest in film history This period turned out to be quite beneficial to the theater industry. Live theater began to flourish again as movie stars, directors and technicians returned to the stage. Many found it as a way to keep them from being forgotten and at the same time a way to earn a living. In 1945 the film industry was already staggering to its feet. The entire nation had gone through hell and there were many stories to tell about heroic deeds and dastardly crimes during the 3 years of Japanese occupation. A Philippine version of the war movie had emerged as a genre in which were recreated narratives of horror and heroism with soldiers and guerillas as protagonists audiences still hungry for new movies and still fired up by the patriotism and hatred for foreign enemies did not seem to tire of recalling their experiences of war. Movies such as Garrison 13 1946, Dugo ng Bayan The Countrys Blood, 1946, Walang Kamatayan Deathless, 1946, and Guerilyera 1946 , told the people the stories they wanted to hear: the heroes and the villains of the war. The war, however, had left other traces that were less obvious than war movies that were distinctly Filipino. As Patronilo BN. Daroy said in his essay Main Currents in Filipino Cinema: World War II left its scars on the Filipinos imagination and heightened his sense of reality CHAPTER II II. The 1950s to 1970s A. History Of Prisons EssayUnder martial law, action films depicting shoot outs and sadistic fistfights which were as violent as ever usually append to the ending an epilogue claiming that the social realities depicted had been wiped out with the establishment of the New Society. The notorious genre of sex or bomba films that appeared in the preceding decade were now tagged as bold films, simply meaning that a lot more care was given to the costumes. Martial Law declared in 1972 clamped down on bomba films as well as political movies critical of the Marcos administration. But the audiences taste for sex and nudity had already been whetted. Producers cashed in on the new type of bomba, which showed female stars swimming in their underwear, taking a bath in their camison chemise, or being chased and raped in a river, sea, or under a waterfall. Such movies were called the wet look One such movie was the talked-about Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng Lupa The Most Beautiful Animal on the Face of the Earth, 1974 starring former Miss Universe Gloria Diaz. However, the less-than-encouraging environment of the 70s gave way to the ascendancy of young directors who entered the industry in the late years of the previous decade Directors such as Lino Brocka, best remembered for his Maynila, Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag Manila, In the Claws of Neon Lights, 1975, Ishmael Bernal, director of the Nora Aunor film Himala Miracle, 1982 and Celso Ad. Castillo, whose daring works portrayed revolt, labor unionism, social ostracism and class division, produced works that left no doubt about their talent in weaving a tale behind the camera. Ano ther welcomed result that came from martial rule was the requirement of a script prior to filming. This was an innovation to a film industry that made a tradition out of improvising a screenplay. Although compliance with the requirement necessarily meant curtailment of the right of free expression, the BCMP, in effect caused the film industry to pay attention to the content of a projected film production in so far as such is printed in a finished screenplay. In doing so, talents in literature found their way into filmmaking and continue to do so now. CHAPTER III II. The 1980s to the present A. Philippine Films after Marcos It can be justified that immediately after Marcos escaped to Hawaii, films portraying the Philippine setting have had a serious bias against the former dictator. And even while he was in power, the militancy of filmmakers opposing the Martial Law government especially after the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, accounts for the defiant stance of a number of films made in the closing years of the Marcos rule. Films such as Lino Brockas Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim My Country: Gripping the Knifes Edge, 1985 were defiant, not in the sense of it being openly stated by in the images of torture, incarceration, struggle and oppression. Marilou Diaz-Abayas Karnal 1984 depicts this in a different way in the films plot wherein patricide ends a tyrannical fathers domination. Mike de Leons Sister Stella L. 1984, was a typical de Leon treatment of the theme of oppression and tyranny. In 1977, an unknown Filipino filmmaker going by the name of Kidlat Tahimik made a film called Mababangong Bangungot Perfumed Nightmare. The film won the International Critics Prize in the Berlin Film Festival that same year. Kidlat Tahimiks rise to fame defined the distance between mainstream cinema and what is now known as independent cinema. Beginning with Tahimik, independent cinema and films became an accomplished part of Philippine film. Out of short film festivals sponsored by the University of the Philippines Film Center and by the Experimental Cinema of the Philippines, young filmmakers have joined Kidlat Tahimik in the production of movies that, by their refusal to kowtow to the traditions and conventions of mainstream filmmaking, signify faith in works that try to probe deeper into the human being and into society. Nick Deocampos Oliver 1983 and Raymond Reds Ang Magpakailanman The Eternal, 1983 have received attention in festivals abroad. Filmmakers like Tahimik, Deocampo and Red are examples of what we call alternative filmmakers. Alternative or independent filmmakers are products of film schools where students are exposed to art films without the compromises of commercial filmmaking. B. Contemporary Philippine Film Despite our completion of 100 years of cinema in the Philippines, the same problems plague us now just as it had when film was still a relatively new art form. The phrase poorly made is fitting to describe the quality of films being churned out by the film industry year by year. There have been few exceptions to the rule. Presently, films are primarily made for profit, lacking any qualities to redeem itself. Studies show that Hollywood films, with its high technology and subject matter, are being preferred over local films. It is no wonder aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for films now are too profit-oriented corrupting morals and dubious values sticking with formulaic films Genres that have been present for the past few decades are being recycled over and over again with the same stories. The teen love teams of the fan movie are still present with incarnations of love teams of yesteryears. Now instead of Guy and Pip are Judy and Wowie. The bomba film is still present, now having grown more pornographic and taboo. The film Tatlo 1998 comes to mind with its subject matter of threesomes. In Filipino slapstick or komedya, Dolphy has been replaced by younger stars. But even if the films of today have not been quite up to par, Filipino movies wields an influence over the national imagination far more intense that all the others combined. C. Conclusion The early years of Philippine film, starting from the 1930s, were a time of discovering film as it was at that time still a new art form. Stories for films came from the theater and popular literature being, as they were, safe, with the filmmaker being assured of its appeal. Nationalistic films were also in vogue despite early restrictions on films being too subversive. The 1940s and the war brought to Philippine film the consciousness of reality which was not present in the preceding films. Filmmakers dared to venture into the genre of the war movie. This was also a ready market especially after the war. The 1950s were the Golden Years, a time when films matured and became more artistic. The studio system, though producing film after film and venturing into every known genre, made the film industry into a monopoly that prevented the development of independent cinema. The 1960s, though a time of positive changes, brought about an artistic decline in films. The notorious genre of bomba was introduced and from that day forward has been present in the Philippine film scene ever since. The 1970s and 1980s were turbulent years, bringing positive and negative changes. From the decline in the 60s, films in this period now dealt with more serious topics following the chaos of the Marcos regime. Also, action and sex films developed further introducing more explicit pictures. These years also brought the arrival of alternative cinema in the Philippines. Presently, in the 1990s, we are seemingly engaged in a vicious cycle aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of genres, plots, characterization and cinematic styles. We are unconsciously, or rather consciously, imitating, copying from the much more popular American films. And when we are not copying, we are reverting back to the same old styles. From the massacre movies of late, the teen-oriented romantic-comedies and the anatomy-baring sex flicks which are currently so popular, it seems Philippine cinema is on a down spiral. Still, some films been successes and not only financially. Diaz-Abayas Rizal 1998, as an example, was a success both commercially and critically. Hopefully, Philippine cinema in the new millenium would produce films as good and better than the ones before it. As a conclusion, here is what Patronilo BN. Daroy had to say about the Philippine film industry: Philippine cinema, in short, appears to have reached full circle: it is at the stage of refining and formulating its own conventions and, in the process, getting in close contact with the ferment in the other arts and at the same time, the serious critical attention and concern of people with a broader interest in culture. This is inevitable; as an art form the cinema in the Philippines can no longer remain isolated from the main current of sensibilities and ideas that shape other artistic forms, such as literature, painting, the theater, etc. Neither can it fly from the actuality of social life which, after all, is the source of all artistic expression. I foresee, therefore, a hand towards more serious cinema; the muckrakers will continue, but they will be exposed for what they are and will no longer be definitive of the quality of Filipino films.