Critical success factors of PM Essay Example

Basic achievement components of PM Essay Example Basic achievement elements of PM Essay Basic achievement components of PM Essay The articles center Is constrained to the European Funded tasks in Bulgaria and he Authors accept that distinguishing the basic achievement elements of undertaking the board, altogether encourages directors to equip the venture center In request to accomplish the activities primary objective inside financial plan, asset and time. The article proposes chosen center elements recognized through experimental investigation of venture achievement factors led by an example review of chiefs and specialists from pertinent associations of tasks bolstered by European projects. As per Mantilla and Allan, the past explores on Identifying venture achievement factors are conventional. This is on the grounds that the investigates barely center around the viability of undertaking the executives devices utilized by venture directors. Despite the fact that legitimate use of these apparatuses could contribute for the accomplishment of undertaking objective, there are a wide scope of task achievement factors that can conceivably Influence the venture achievement. Veil and Allan(2012). Kerchief and Allan propose that the achievement of a task relies upon the satisfaction of certain elements which they call basic. They demand the presence of central point that are essential for a venture to accomplish Its objective. The ideas In the theory sound clear as there are some broadly acknowledged Independent factors that essentially impact (which can later be bolstered with scholastic discoveries in the region) the accomplishment of a ventures goal. The creators didnt talk about how the unlucky deficiencies of the given potential variables make a venture fall. The speculation in this article Is additionally exact. It Is upheld by down to earth confirms that are found from 132 venture supervisors and undertaking colleagues. With respect to point there are a few restrictions on the kinds of respondents which I raise later in the assessment area. The theory is constrained both in geology and the sort of venture it manages. The article centers around ventures financed by Operational Programs of the European Commission in Bulgaria. With regards to the writing, Mantilla and liana have set up a writing on recognizing basic achievement elements of undertaking the board. The creators clarify the nonappearance of brought together treatment and meaning of the idea In the field however there Is a general concession to the importance of sarong out basic achievement factors In the act of venture the executives. Kerchief and Allan (2012) give quite combined detail confirms on what is progressively significant in venture the executives. Its everything about whether venture partners are affirmed by Its outcomes. This is a generally acknowledged guideline yet the issue on this respect Is, the creators didnt indicate the sorts of task as there are various kinds of undertakings with different scope of objectives. For example, as a rule terms, the goals of business ventures and an alleviation venture are not comparative. The equivalent is consistent with their researchers like, Dry. Rash and Dry. Emulated (2014) It is difficult to produce all inclusive agenda for venture achievement rules reasonable for all tasks. Achievement rules contrast from venture to extend contingent upon different quantities of issues like size, uniqueness ND multifaceted nature moreover, customer fulfillment is difficult to gauge Paul and Derek (2008) distinct partners sense and measure accomplishment in various manners with in a solitary undertaking. Achievement is diverse for various partners in a specific venture. This is generally founded on their commitment and desire. Other writing underpins are additionally examined regarding the matter corresponding to the presence of two significant gatherings of task achievement factors which are expressed as vital and strategic. The vital gathering incorporates venture crucial, the executives backing and task planning. The strategic viewpoint incorporates customer counseling, human asset determination and work force preparing. These variables influence venture accomplishment at various phases of the undertaking life cycle. To distinguish the basic achievement components of venture the board, the creators directed a review where 132 undertaking supervisors and individuals from ventures have taken part. They were chosen as delegates of ventures subsidized by CUE (European Commission). The example of undertakings has been chosen by a strategy for purposive examining. The respondents have filled an examiner intended with the end goal of the investigation. The examiner was separated in to three principle portions, examiner for venture achievement estimation, for venture execution and for the significance of basic achievement factors. The primary focal point of the article was the discoveries under the basic achievement factors. The respondents were given 15 potential elements and they were approached to recognize the most basic Success factors dependent on their degree of significance. The recorded potential achievement factors were Competence of the trough, Support from the office regulating POP, Clarity of undertaking objective, Top administration support, Competence of venture colleagues, Motivation of Project colleagues, viable correspondence between venture stake more established, nature of subcontractor administration, accuracy in reporting and accomplishing of task data viable coordination of undertaking exercises, consistence with the standards and methods built up by the POP, Systematic command over the task execution, access to hierarchical assets, SMART arranging, Competence and sufficient help from a task expert According to the creators the above records were readied dependent on writing audit. Kerchief and Allan (2012). The conclusive outcomes of this examination show the accompanying five factors as the most basic achievement determinants: first Competence of venture director; Over 80% respondents demonstrated this factor as critical. second Complian ce with the guidelines and methodology; practically 80% of the respondents have assessed this factor as critical. third Competence of undertaking group 66. 7% of the respondents have distinguished this as critical. Likewise it this was distinguished as exceptionally significant by 30 % of the members. fourth Quality of administrations gave by subcontractors 66. % of the delegates demonstrated this as critical fifth Support of the top administration ; 64% of the respondents distinguished this as critical. With regards to the fittingness of the exploration method and acquired outcome, the examination depended on single respondent, venture chiefs and specialists. The quantity of the respondents might be delegate, yet they are all from one side of the venture speaks to. Rather all obligation bearers that contribute for a venture achievement ought to have been incorporated. For example we cannot see partners sees, end clients (customer) investment, and not even implementers Judgment. How might we measure a task accomplishment without watching and investigating its effect on the end clients? The other huge point is we have no clue about whether the venture supervisors are fruitful or not in the tasks they have executed up until this point yet they are as yet settling on choice on basic factors that make an undertaking effective. Here the fact of the matter is if on the off chance that they have neglected to accomplish the planned objective of the task, how would we confide in their Judgment alone on what makes a venture effective? With regards to the rundown of the given potential components, they appear to be constrained. Veil and Allan, present the above rundown of accomplishment variables to be made dependent on writing audit; yet they neglect to give rundown of sufficient sources to that There are additionally some different elements that ought to have been viewed as, for example, givers intrigue and undertaking condition (political and social). Timothy, Debbie and Chris (2014) feature the presence of sorted out and central achievement factors contributors consider at each phase of the venture stage. Patrons are requesting in all stages. This patrons conduct factors influence the task emphatically or contrarily at arranging, executing, checking and shutting stage with different degrees relying upon supports intrigue. In their investigation on the benefits of best practices in venture the executives, Livid. L, MME. C and advance. N 2010) accentuates receiving best practices as a primary factor that prompts effective undertaking the executives. Through distinguishing and best practices, we create universal methodology of work, better procedure quality and better observing and controlling and so on. Veil and Allan demonstrated the over five variables to be basic for an undertaking to be effective, yet there is no demonstrate on how the nonappearance of these elements can bring about venture disappointment. For example as indicated by Dry. Rash and Dry. Emends(2014) ,the disappointment of an administration may not continually realize inability to a task and great venture the board doesn't generally ensure total undertaking achievement. It is conceivable to accomplish a fruitful venture in any event, when the board has fizzled and the other way around. In this audit I have talked about Mantillas and Laminas article on Critical achievement components of a venture. The article covers a few focuses on the current ways to deal with venture achievement.

Free Essays on Atlantis

Atlantis: We will never know Dream is an intense method to demonstrate directly in the twentieth century. The world has been completely found and completely mapped and individuals know and know about the earth’s presence however not legitimized. Well known media has adequately played the purported truth of the legend and the fabulous talk. Satellites have mapped and contemplated the earth, leaving just a space boondocks that is up 'til now inaccessible. However, standing apart is a charming dream the cutting edge world still can't seem to confirm or condemn: The lost mainland of Atlantis. The dad of the advanced world’s image of Atlantis is Plato (around 428-Circa 347 B.C.). The Greek savant talked about â€Å"Timaeus† and â€Å"Critias† of a Continent in the Atlantic Ocean bigger than Africa and Asia Minor joined which thought about Athens as the most exceptional spot on the planet. As per the legend encompassing Plato’s discoursed, the island of Atlantis was brutally tossed into the ocean by the Forces of nature, and its couple of survivors figured out how to swim shorewards and relate their story. There the legend was passed by structure there on until an Egyptian minister related the Story to â€Å"Solon†, a character in â€Å"Timaeus†. The minister respected the accomplishments of Prehistoric Athenians, since when the leaders of Atlantis took steps to attack the entirety of Europe and Asia the Athenians, in the interest all things considered, vanquished the Atlantis to keep away from Enslavement, crafted by Plato opened the brains of people to interminable gossip on whether the Continent portrayed was truth or fiction. Atlantis has since been set in Spain, Mongolia, Palestine, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Sweden, Greenland and Yucatan. Mountain tops, desert handles, the sea floor and even the uncovered no man's land of Antarctica have been referenced in Theories. The entirety of this in the horrifying pursuit to demonstrate its reality. While a portion of these hypotheses are good with â€Å"Plato’s† works and are inside Pra... Free Essays on Atlantis Free Essays on Atlantis Atlantis: We will never know Dream is an extreme method to demonstrate directly in the twentieth century. The world has been completely found and completely mapped and individuals know and know about the earth’s presence however not legitimized. Mainstream media has adequately played the purported truth of the legend and the awesome talk. Satellites have mapped and contemplated the earth, leaving just a space boondocks that is up 'til now inaccessible. In any case, standing apart is a captivating dream the cutting edge world presently can't seem to check or condemn: The lost landmass of Atlantis. The dad of the advanced world’s image of Atlantis is Plato (around 428-Circa 347 B.C.). The Greek thinker talked about â€Å"Timaeus† and â€Å"Critias† of a Continent in the Atlantic Ocean bigger than Africa and Asia Minor consolidated which thought about Athens as the most exceptional spot on the planet. As per the legend encompassing Plato’s exchanges, the island of Atlantis was fiercely tossed into the ocean by the Forces of nature, and its couple of survivors figured out how to swim aground and relate their story. There the legend was passed by structure there on until an Egyptian minister related the Story to â€Å"Solon†, a character in â€Å"Timaeus†. The minister respected the accomplishments of Prehistoric Athenians, since when the leaders of Atlantis took steps to attack the entirety of Europe and Asia the Athenians, in the interest all things considered, crushed the Atlantis to stay away from Enslavement, crafted by Plato opened the brains of people to perpetual gossip on whether the Continent portrayed was truth or fiction. Atlantis has since been set in Spain, Mongolia, Palestine, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Sweden, Greenland and Yucatan. Mountain tops, desert handles, the sea floor and even the exposed no man's land of Antarctica have been referenced in Theories. The entirety of this in the horrifying hunt to demonstrate its reality. While a portion of these speculations are perfect with â€Å"Plato’s† works and are inside Pra...

Waste banana plant (Musa sp.) Trunks as an Alternative source of pulp for paper making Essay

Palatable Banana (Musa sp.) the plant is a massive herb that springs from an underground stem, or rhizome, to shape a bogus trunk 3â€6 meters (10â€20 feet) high (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2006). Bananas can't be developed anyplace on the grounds that they are exceptionally delicate to solid breezes, thus, whenever planted on open territories, one must utilize jackets for the banana plant not to be hurt, the plant can be additionally planted on dry terrains gave that there is a steady water system (Department of Agri-culture, 2010). Paper is a material made of cellulose mash, got chiefly from wood, clothes and certain grasses, handled into adaptable sheets or moves by store from a watery suspension (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008).It is the most broadly utilized material by humanity since its disclosure in China. The normal elements of a letter measured paper is 8.27*11.69mm The point of this investigation is to see whether the mash from trunk banana is reasonable for paper creation. Proclamation of Problem General Objective This investigation principally expects to see whether mash from the banana tree trunk is a superior option than wood mash Specific Objectives: 1.) This investigation expects to see whether paper produce utilizing banana plant trunk’s mash is more monetary than the financially utilized tree trunk mash; 2.) And to discover what is better: 100% banana plant trunk mash of banana tree trunk mash in addition to reused paper. Theory The paper made in this investigation will be more cost effective than paper mass produce by organizations utilizing business grade wood mash Significance of the examination The paper produced using the waste banana plant trunk mash will Increase the salary of the Banana ranchers here in the Philippines on the grounds that rather than essentially disposing of the Banana plant trunks in the wake of reaping the ready bananas, they could offer it to production lines for included pay Scope and Limitation of the Study This examination is just constrained to the utilization banana plant trunks and reused paper in the formation of paper that will be produce by this investigation. Meaning of terms Banana-a treelike tropical palm with huge leaves and blossom groups that form into a lot of better molded natural product which are yellow or red when ripe(Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1999). Wood Pulp-a material arranged by concoction or mechanical methods mostly from wood and utilized in making paper and cellulose items (Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1999). Audit of Related Literature and Review of Related Studies Banana (Musa sp.) Name for a few types of the family Musa and for the natural products these produce. The banana plant-one of the biggest herbaceous plants-is supposed to be local in tropical Asia, yet is presently developed all through the tropics (The Free Dictionary 2010). Wood Pulp Mash from wood utilized in making cellulose subordinates (as paper or rayon) Mold and Deckle A form is a wooden casing with wire work extended on it while a deckle is only a wooden edge a similar size as the shape yet is has no wire work extended over it. Related Studies There is an investigation directed by the understudies of University of Cordoba and University of Pablo, Spain (2012) to describe the banana plant deposits and use it in pulping and burning procedures. Another investigation directed by the North East Science and innovation Institute (2008) which intends to make oil confirmation paper out of banana mash fiber. Procedure Devices and Materials The waste banana plant trunk that was utilized in this investigation were taken from Brgy. Punta Tabuc, Roxas City, Capiz. The materials that were a machete,3 pcs lower banana plant trunks, a deckle, 3 pcs 10ãâ€"7 silk screen and work wire screen forms, an enormous tempered steel pot and sodium hydroxide.

St. Joan of Arc biography

Circular segment isn't just broadly known everywhere throughout the world for her trust in God, yet for her over the top courage. In this courageous story of Saint Joan of Arc, everybody will be enlivened for the mental fortitude of this youngster, who laid her life down for her confidence, and for her nation. Destined to sincere Catholic guardians Jacques d'art and Isabella Rome, SST. Joan of Arc was conceived on January 6, 1412 in the little town of Dormer, France. She was one of five kids which lived on a fifty section of land ranch which was in the north-eastern piece of France. In 1412 at twelve years old, Joan experienced dreams when she was separated from everyone else in field.The blessed messengers of Saint Michael the Archangel, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, and Saint Margaret the Virgin, had appeared to her and advised her to drive out the English in France. She was shocked that the holy messengers had appeared to her, a lady, to do such a Job. At the point when she was s ixteen years of age, she went to see Count Robert De Bureaucratic, who was a military administrator in the town of Vacuoles, to get consent to see the illustrious French court. Tally Robert De Bureaucratic didn't pay attention to her and made a Joke of Joan and her dreams. He at that point sent her home.Along with two other en in January 1429, she came back to have a gathering with the Count to disclose to him a forecast she had made about an up and coming fight. When Joan was demonstrated right about her forecast, Count Robert De Bureaucratic allowed her consent to have a gathering with the Charles VI'. She spruced up as a man and was then accompanied alongside six other men to Chino. During the private meeting with Charles VI', he was dazzled with Joan and her thoughts. She likewise won the kindness with Charles' relative and she was sent on an endeavor to Orleans.They thought of her as their lone wellspring of light and expectation in the tough situations of France. After numerou s long stretches of the French being embarrassed in fight, Joan once more solicited some help from Charles VI'. She mentioned for herself to be set as one of the commandants of the French armed force. He conceded her solicitation by recognizing the way that each and every one of his arrangements and techniques have fizzled, and there was a requirement for another arrangement. Joan then assumed responsibility for the military, with her shrewd techniques and strategies, and continued to win numerous battles.With Joan in order, the war was switched, for the French. She demonstrated ridiculous fortitude and boldness by the numerous things that she has done in fight. She was additionally controlled by battling much subsequent to being injured in the neck by a bolt. The triumph of the skirmish of Orleans was just one of the numerous fights won. The triumph prompted the need of increasingly hostile activity. She at that point convinced Charles VII by and by, by putting her in co-order of t he whole armed force with Duke John II of Alnico. On May 23, 1430 Joan was caught during an endeavored assault and was held a detainee of war.She couldn't be discharged by Charles VIII not interceding with he Duke Philip of Burgundy. Charles VII and the French didn't attempt to spare her. She attempted to get away from ordinarily even by Jumping from a seventy foot tower in which she was held in. Afterward, the English government at that point purchased Joan for ten thousand francs from Duke Philip of Burgundy and put her under preliminary. While under preliminary, Joan was for the most part blamed for being an apostate, sorceress, and adulteress. Individuals have attempted to gather declaration against her, yet they couldn't discover any evidence.Along with the lacking proof, the court damaged ministerial law by denying her the option to have a lawful guide. The preliminary had attempted commonly to blame Joan for various laws broken, however her insight had refuted them. Under spe cific rules, Joan ought to of been set in a religious jail under the oversight of nuns, yet rather, he was held in a common jail and was monitored by real binds. In end to her preliminary, she was sentenced and condemned to consume in question. On May 30, 1941, just being 19 years of age, she was tied too tall column before an enormous crowd.Before being tied, she had asked priests to hold a cross before her while he would be devoured by the consuming fire. Following her body had wrapped up, the English had consumed her remaining parts again, with the goal that her real remains would just be cinders. A while later, they ranks her remaining parts into the close by stream called the Seine. Around 24 years past Jean's passing, the Hundred Years' War had finished. The frail standard of the youthful King Henry VI finished the war among France and England. Her definitive objective of bringing Charles VII was effective. In 1452, Jean's case had been put on retrial by Pope Casualties Ill.Th e primary issues f the retrial was to research if the first preliminary had been dealt with Justly or not. Various pastors led this examination, and in June 1456, the court pronounced her guiltless. Taking everything into account, it wasn't until 1909 when Joan was exalted. On May 16, 1920, she was cannonaded a holy person and saint in the Holy Roman Catholic Church by Pope Benedict W. Her holy person name is currently Saint Joan of Arc and is the supporter holy person of warriors and France. Likewise, Many Catholics around the globe admire Saint Joan of Arc as a good example and motivation. Her dining experience day is praised on May 30th consistently.

Jane Eyre Chapters 1-9 - Free Essay Example

1. Summary. On a dreary afternoon in Gateshead Hall, the ten-year-old Jane Eyre, forbidden by her tyrannous aunt from playing with her cousins, finds a curtained window seat where she can read. Janes bullying cousin John Reed barges in and insults her, riling Jane to fight for the first time in her life! Stunned, John goes crying to Mrs. Reed, his mother. Mrs. Reed, despite Janes protests, forbids Jane to be seen and locked in the red-room, a lavishly furnished and rarely used bedroom where Mr. Reed had passed away in. During her time in the room Jane catches sight of her cadaverous reflection in the mirror and sulks about the injustice of Gateshead Hall. Suddenly, Jane senses Mr. Reeds presence in the room. Convinced she sees his spirit, Jane shrieks in horror and faints. Furthermore, Jane wakes up in the nursery, being cared for by the local apothecary, Mr. Lloyd. Mr. Lloyd asks her about her well-being. Jane confesses her unhappiness which leads Mr. Lloyd asking Jane if shed like to attend school. Later, Jane overhears Bessie telling Miss Abbot the story of Janes family and how Mrs. Reed promised to raise Jane like one of their own children—John, Eliza, and Georgiana. For two months, Jane anxiously waits for her schooling to start. Finally, she is interviewed by Mr. Brocklehurst—the stern headmaster of the Lowood school. He lectures Jane about the importance of religion, â€Å"That proves you have a wicked heart; and you must pray to God to change it: to give you a new and clean one: to take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh.†- (Bronte 32) Jane explains to him she is hurt from Mrs. Reeds false accusation, exclaiming that her aunt makes her sick and is herself a brutal and deceitful person. Yet Jane reveals to Bessie how she adores her the most. Four days later, Jane leaves Gateshead to start her new journey at the Lowood school, a charity school for orphan girls. On her first day, Jane witnesses the strictly regimented routine for the school. Despite this, Jane is fond of the schools superintendent, Ms. Maria Temple. Later, Jane spots a solitary girl, Helen Burns. Although, Jane’s hermit personality restricts her to talking to strangers, she feels an immediate connection to Helen. On the second day, Jane is overwhelmed by the lessons, but is fascinated by watching Helen Burns across the room. From enduring the strict and onerous rules, Helen emphasizes to Jane her philosophy of turning the other cheek, â€Å"Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.† -(Bronte 58) and her belief about the beautiful afterlife gives her hope and patience to sustain suffering in this world. The conditions at Lowood remain bitter, as Mr. Brocklehurst enforces that all the girls hair be cut off for the sake of modesty. Jane terrified that Mr. Brocklehurst will remember his oath to Mrs. Reed to expose that Jane is deceitful and to avoid her sinister character. After school is dismissed that evening, believing that everyone loathes her, Helen reassures Jane that she is pitied by her peers. Moreover, Ms. Temple promises to write to Mr. Lloyd confirming Jane is not a liar. Jane realizes now she prefers the â€Å"impoverished Lowood to the luxuries of Gateshead.† Spring brings better weather, but an epidemic of typhus has infected the school. In the midst of springs renewal, Jane contemplates death for the first time. Jane soon learns that Helen suffers from consumption (tuberculosis), in desperation to see her friend Jane sneaks into Helens bedside, comforting her. Jane soon learns Helen is not afraid of dying because she will be leaving behind the suffering of the world and going to God, â€Å"I am sure there is a future state; I believe God is good†¦ God is my father, God is my friend; I love him; I believe he loves me.† -(Bronte 90) By morning, Helen is dead. Helen is buried in an unmarked grave word Resurgam—Latin for I will rise again. 2. Passage Analysis. In Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre, Jane asserts herself by stopping others from misrepresenting and taking advantage of her by expressing herself and speaking out against the cruel and hypocritical conventions that repress her. However, Jane realizes her outburst was out of line because of her social position and knows she must learn to control her passionate heart. Bronte conveys a layered attitude of admiration and reverence for the protagonist Jane Eyre’s passionate nature which is uniquely conveyed by her dauntless descriptions, subtle details in the descriptions of her conscious, and controlled tone. Early in the quote, Bronte’s diction is seemingly contradictory, as she goes from admiring Jane’s bold assertion to settling down as remorse takes over her genuine character. For instance, though Bronte does say Jane has won her battle â€Å"†¦and I enjoyed my conqueror’s solitude,† she then immediately calls Jane on â€Å"experiencing afterwards the pang of remorse.† However, despite this, Bronte’s language comes antithetical when she goes on to say that Jane’s reflection showed her the â€Å"madness of [her] conduct† and her expressive character was strengthened from standing up against her cruel peers by the determination in her heart. To expand on Jane’s bold character that Bronte admires, she provides details of Jane’s emotions that hint at Bronte’s respect for this small girl. In fact, Jane’s conscious overpowers her to make her realize what she had done, â€Å"At first, I smiled†¦ and felt elate, but this fierce pressure subsided in me.† Bronte’s controlled tone from optimism to pessimistic evokes the feelings of being submissive about the fearless and madness one has within oneself â€Å"as [Jane] had done- [one] can not give its furious feelings uncontrolled play, as [Jane] had given- without experiencing the chill of reaction.† Indeed, through Bronte’s use of language, descriptions, and tone she is able to purvey Jane Eyre’s true character through her fondness and admiration. 3. Discussion Questions. on page 81 Jane states, â€Å"I would not now have exchanged Lowood with all its privations for Gateshead and its daily luxuries.† However, earlier in the novel Jane says she would rather stay at Gateshead then go to some poor and low relations called Eyre because she believes â€Å"poverty for me was synonymous with degration†-21. Why do you think Jane has changed her mind of wanting to stay at Lowood, a non-luxurious school than at the Gateshead mansion? What is the purpose of Helen saying, â€Å"Love your enemies; bless them that curse you; do good to them that hate you and despitefully use you.† – page 61 on page 90 Helen tells Jane the night before she dies, â€Å"You will come to the same region of happiness: be received by the same mighty universal Parent, no doubt, dear Jane.† What is the significance of Helen’s death, as it breaks hers and Jane’s loving friendship?

Emerging Ethical Issues in Counseling Research Assignment - 550 Words

Emerging Ethical Issues in Counseling Research Assignment (Research Paper Sample) Content: Emerging ethical issues in counselingAuthorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstitutional affiliationSummarySusanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s article about ethical issues in counseling describes a counselor-client relationship within the American society. Counseling is believed to have an imperative effect on clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ decision making concerning myriad issues. Discrimination is practiced within the American society has been delineated in the counseling perspective. Individuals of different races, gender and cultural ethnicity have received varied treatment by counselors. There are certain individuals in the society that have been labeled to be mentally ill as a result of some social or economic disadvantage. For instance, poor people, women, and minorities fall under the category as mentioned above. Several ethical issues emerge when addressing counseling among the blacks, gays, poor people, women, and ethnic minorities. It is, therefore, crucial to address these complex cultural and ethica l problems to facilitate efficient counseling procedures.In counseling, counselors should observe cultural and ethical issues concerning their patients. According to counseling standards, it is important to observe client autonomy when carrying out counseling session. Counselors are expected to observe and adhere to the necessary guidelines during counseling sessions. Accordingly, patients have been treated in different ways as a result of their color, sex, and race. Issues concerning black women trying to emulate white womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s standards of behavior and other lifestyle traits have resulted in conflicts in demand. Counselors have been observed to practice a paternalistic approach in providing advice to clients. This is evident in some instances where the counselor is inclined in giving information. As a result, the counselor will end up acting in the best interest of the patient. This kind of practice distorts the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s autonomy in making decisions according to his or her best interest. The relationship between counselor and the client must be professional to avoid crossing lines.CommentsCounseling people of a different race, gender, and cultural background can prove to be a challenge among counselors. It is, therefore, important to maintain a counselor-client relationship during a counseling session. Counseling of blacks has significantly been influenced by Westernization effect. This has seen many blacks trying to emulate the whites in various social, economic, and political aspects. As a result, conflict in demand of interests has emerged, leading to the complexity of ethical and cultural issues.AnalysisCounselors are obligated to acknowledge and understand various cultural beliefs and norms of a wide range of individuals across the globe. This helps in facilitating and effective counselor-client relationship leading to a better understanding of the client. As a result of the cultural misunderstanding, communication between the counsel or and client may be obscured. Understanding clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ cultural beliefs and interests are considerable importance since it prevents the counselor from doing any harm to the client.Observations and reactionsIn response to the case regarding Maria Gonzalez, the counselor should try and...

The Cold War ( 1945-1989 ) - 1495 Words

The Cold War (1945-1989) was essentially a period in which fear ran rampant. Everyone in America, from the young children to the President, was afraid. People were afraid because they believed their freedom and security was being threatened by communist spies. They were afraid that communism would take over the world and wipe out democracy. They were afraid that a nuclear attack would occur and render them and the American economy helpless. In the midst of all their fear, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected and managed to allay their fears by implementing new policies and expanding FDR’s New Deal, which was instrumental in ending the Great Depression. During the Cold War, people all over the world were in a constant state of fear: â€Å"...the world is suffering from a multiplicity of fears. We fear the men in the Kremlin, we fear what they will do to our friends around them; we are fearing what unwise investigators will do to us here at home as they try to combat sub version or bribery or deceit within. We fear depression; we fear the loss of jobs† (Document A). In this document, President Eisenhower, while speaking at a press conference, acknowledges the fears that are affecting the American people and the people around the world. In doing so, he is showing that he is aware of the situation that the people are enduring, as well as warning them about the consequences of acting solely out of fear: â€Å"All of these, with their impact on the human mind, make us act almostShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union980 Words   |  4 PagesHarbor, Hawaii, combined with Adolf Hitler’s declaring war on the United States, propelled America into World War II from 1939-1945. 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But the Cold war was between the Soviet Union and the United States and how once they was united andRead MorePower, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War Answer each of the following questions in a single paragraph: 1. What role did atomic weapons play in the Cold War? Summarize nuclear developments from 1945 to 1991. After the Second World War, United States and the Soviet Union entered into a Cold War that lasted more the 40 years because both sides had Atomic Weapons that were aimed at each other with each side fearing and dreading what a Hot War would cause if Atomic Weapons were used. Nuclear developments from 1945-1991Read MoreThe Alliance of Britain, USSR, and the United States During WWII was a Marriage of Convenience1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe alliance between Britain, the USSR and the USA during the Second World War has often been viewed as a marriage of convenience. They unified to defeat one common enemy, Nazi Germany. 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Race And Jury The Decision Making Of Juries And Race

Race and Jury: The Decision-Making of Juries and Race When thinking of a jury, there is a belief that everyone is fair when it comes to making the decision of whether the person being accused of the crime is guilty or not guilty because of the person’s race. What if this belief is not necessarily correct? There have been many instances in whether race has been a factor when the jury makes a decision. According to Baskin, Goldstein, and Sommers (2014), there has been enough evidence to show that racial biases influences the decisions of a jury. In this paper, the articles will show how jury decision-making is influenced by the offender’s race. Questioning Assumptions about Race, Social Class and Crime Portrayal: An Analysis of Ten Years of Law and Order Pop culture media, like Law and Order, has a way of showing people how crime is portrayed. Case (2013), mentions that past studies about the representation of crime in the media has increasingly shown fear to the public and portraying unrealistic standards of how crime is in the real world. Media likes to exaggerate how things truly are in the real world, which is why people believe what the media portrays. People will believe that everything they see in a television show can truly happen in the real world, which certain things can happen but not everything. If people end up believing in how the media portrays crime then people will be living in fear of their society being more violent than it actually is (Case, 2013). InShow MoreRelatedResearch on Jury Bias1351 Words   |  6 PagesJury Bias With jury bias we examined that the perspective taking, victim impact statements and race of the victim had no main effects with ps 0.26 and no significant interactions either with ps 0.64. Jury Race The race of the jury was divided into white and non-white participants. 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The, Part E Race And Colonialism - 1849 Words

Theoretical Concepts Found Helpful The theoretical concepts that was helpful ware â€Å"Part E: Race and Colonialism†, this section was an eye opener to the realities aboriginal people endured in colonial and post colonial times. However, to be more specific the topics on Aboriginal Social Work Education in Canada: Decolonizing Pedagogy for the Seventh Generation, writer by Raven Sinclair helped me see these realities more in depth. For instance, in the first page of the article Sinclair reminds us that 150 – 300 children were lost in British Columbia through child welfare. (2004) This particular article was helpful because it deconstructed the notion I had from the dominant group here in Canada. When Raven Sinclair also goes on explaining that western hegemony is being taught from top to bottom and always alienating aboriginal teachings and beliefs. (2004) Gave me a clear understanding as to how important is for us as Social Workers to become agents of change, by learning about the true historical backgrounds of aboriginals and in turn become an ally and bring forth changes in social perspectives, in essence to deconstruct that western hegemony and as Sinclair asserts as â€Å"Conscientization is a critical approach†¨to liberatory education† (2004) The reading that also captivated me and had a big impact was â€Å"Indigenous Wholistic Theory: A Knowledge Set for Practice† by Kathy Absolona (2010) as it brought light to the knowledge indigenous people have. Moreover, on the second pageShow MoreRelatedThe Earliest Movements For Repatriation By Black Americans1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late nineteenth-century reflected the ways in which the gratuity of violence of both colonialism and slavery created a dialectical tension between Black Americans and Continental Africans. 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Human Trafficking And Its Effects On Society - 1206 Words

Human rights are something that everyone receives as soon as they are born in the world. These rights are given to everyone just for simply living on the earth no matter their race, sex, religion, or ethnicity. When someone tries to take one of those rights away it is called a human rights violation. A right that is interesting is the Right to Freedom. Something that violates the Right to Freedom is human trafficking, which also violates the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery in 1865, with the help of Abraham Lincoln. Human trafficking can be used for many different things such as torture, forced labor, sexual diminuendos, organ removal and debt bondage, all of these resulting in the profit of money. The use of humans for money is†¦show more content†¦The image is in black and white like a barcode is. The people in the image are of various ages because people who are trafficked usually have different values depending on their age and/or condition. The quote that is on th e image states, â€Å"Each year, thousands of women and girls, men and boys are trafficked in this country and around the world† (Hudson, et. al). This quote on the image is from the All We Want is Love website, which is all about the protection of people and fighting things like human trafficking. The only visible figurative language, is that everyone is just a number and a statistic. This is because if you look at the image, they all have a different number barcode and sku. This is because no two people are alike, so the people used in trafficking will never have the same number, so they are just another number with a face in the twisted system of human trafficking. Seeing these images can let people think about what they could do if they see someone in a situation like this, do they walk away and do nothing or do they stop and report it? The use of pathos in this image helps make the image’s message effective because it wants people to see that everyone is a human being, but to others, they are just an item with a price tag for sale. Although less effective than pathos, logos is another rhetorical appeal used in this image. It is used by giving the rough number of how many people are used for

Trade Promotion Strategies Best Practices

Question: Discuss about the Trade Promotion Strategies Best Practices. Answer: Introduction: BHP Billiton is the leading global resource organization and committed to conviction that goals of the business can be attained through fairness, integrity and Honesty.The Company focuses on fair trading, providing quality product and following government rules and regulations (Burrell and McGinn, 2009). The company understands its rights and obligations while dealing with suppliers, wholesalers and other businesses. Fair trade practices will help the company to compete fairly with their competitors in the market. BHP Billiton make agreements with their competitors to rig bids, fix prices and profit sharing. The customers are protected from being cheated and provided with appropriate products and services. The strategies that have been taken by the company in order to encourage fair trading are as follows: The organization follows the anti-bribery act as per the rules and regulations implemented by the government of Australia. The company has established a specific set of rules and policies for the working partners and stakeholders The code of ethics set minimum standard for fair trade practices that are followed by the managers and employees. The price of the products and services are set by the company as per the government policies and regulation. The policies, standards and guidelines section includes policy statements and many key areas of conducting business. The employees should comply with the regulations and laws relating to the business conduct (Griggs et al., 2012).The company follows rules and policies as stated under competition and consumer Act 2010.It includes understanding of the regulations and laws relevant to the work and complying with the policy and legal requirements of the nation. The company operates in many countries and has to follow the laws such as fair trade practices in Australia, anti- trust law in CCA as mentioned with depicting the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA (Code of Business Conduct, 2016) The employees of the company work within the rules and regulation that helps to provide quality goods to the customers as well as building relationship with the stakeholders. An appropriate trade agreement with the suppliers, contractors and partners will help to establish fair trade business as well as avoiding any conflicts with them. The managers play a significant role in developing trust and loyalty with the customers, communities and communities in which the company operates (Miller, Sims and Miller, 2013). The company has appropriately followed the rules and policies of Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The rules and policies adopted by the company help to promote fair trade practices within the country. The competition in the market increases with the increase in fair trade practices. The strategies are implemented such encouraging unilateral deductions on the imported goods tariff and following trade hours and rules within the territory or state boundaries. The rules of Com petition and Consumer Act 2010 are also followed by the company such as equal employment opportunities, fair trade practices etc. The price of the products is set by the company as per the market demand and government rules and regulations. Breaches of the competition law would be considered as serious consequences for the company and individuals who are involved. The company has implemented these strategies to conduct fair trade practices and prohibiting breach of competition laws as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The increase in market shares and profitability shows that the company is conducting a fair business practices as well as working as per the interest of the customers (Thomas, 2010). BHP Billiton is fully committed to compliance with the competition law, active cooperation and engagement with the competition laws and enforcement of the laws against third parties who acts in anti competitive manner. BHP Billiton can improve its management activity in the competition law compliance. An effective competition and fair trade practices will help to increase the sale of products, value for the customer and drives productivity. The goals should be clearly described and to be followed by the staff members. Direct communication by the chief executives and other members of management department underlines the significance of competition law compliance. The company should provide adequate training in the field of marketing and delivery quality product and services to their customers as well as building healthy relationships with the stakeholders (Tony Ciro, et.al, 2014). Making very clear to the staff members and managers that breach of the competition law policy of the company will be considered as misconduct as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The rules and regulations of the company should be clearly stated in the annual report of the company. Establishing an appropriate system with the senior management through which the staff members can anonymously and confidentially alert the compliance management within the company. The customers should be provided with quality product and service as well serving the interest of the community. The managers should determine and evaluate the risks associated with the competition law and it often depends on the size and nature of the business. The business rules and policies should be implemented under which the managers should show their commitment to the competition law compliance which is described as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA. The role of the managers is to fix prices, increasing market shares and sharing confidential and significant information with the competitors indirectly ort directly (White, 2009). The business contracts should include clear terms and conditions and following the policies implemented by the government. The fin ancial statement shows the actual position of the company in the market and it is responsibility of the auditor to analyze financial report during a period of time. Therefore, the preparation of the financial statements should be appropriate. The aim should be to create value for the shareholders in long run through development, acquisition, discovery and commercialization of the natural resources. The policy of the corporation should be accurate, fair and understandable that should be disclosed in documents and reports are described as per the Cartel provisions which are found in Part IV, Division 1 of the CCA (Borgeon and Cellich, 2012). The case considered for Bungee World Ltd depicts accident that took place unknowingly. It thereby shows the incident that occurred determines the fault of the manager who is at the post of the safety operations of Bungee World Ltd. It is responsibility of the manager to cross check the equipments used in the sport of Bungee and thereby the considerations must be undertaken with solving the faults during checking of the equipments (Ong, 2007).Competition and Consumer Act 2010 puts emphasis on fair trade practices and it is important for the company to do business ethically. According to the stage (ii) competency standards of Australian engineering depicts the breaching of personal commitments obligation to community, value in the workplace and the technical proficiency of the 2012 competency standards of the National Professional Engineers Register (Engineers Australia, 2016). As per the Act of negligence of Australia, individuals planning to bungee jump must meet the criteria to limi t health which is determined as another risk factor. Sufficient control of medical conditions are prohibited for the following or related conditions as it is crucial to seek professional counsel with a physician or nurse practitioner which are provided below:- Unusual blood pressure Unusual heart rate or rhythm Back or leg problems Problems in Breathing system Problems of Circulatory system Head injuries Bungee jumping is a danger pursuit. Various injuries are occurred during bungee jumping like Eye Injuries, Spine Injuries, Neck Injuries, and Death, as for that safety is very much necessary during bungee jumping (Shaw, 2003). The safety harness seems to fail to operate in an appropriate manner for Loki who is the investment banker. The operations that are carried out by the organization Bungee World Ltd depicts the risks and life threatening sport with thereby depicting the awareness against the people with the consideration of their precious lives. The enhancements made helps in creating the values and thereby the considerations are created for mitigating the risk factors. In the given case, the act of Bungee World Ltd is an act of negligence as per the Australian law. Due to the negligence of the company the incident happened and the company is responsible for that as per the tort law. As per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5, the elastic rope is responsible for the Bungee Ju mping incident and thereby the considerations are created which are used for the commercial operators in the factory who produced braided shock cord. This generally consists of many latex threads which are included for creating a tough outer cover and thereby creating a tough outer part. It thereby also helps in the enhancement of the coverings that are represented for making it bouncing which seems to be elastic in nature. With all the considerations made in this case, the law represents that the steel platform has to be attached with the safety rope which created the main problem. It also consists of the hands in creating the public damages and thereby also provided the various physical damages that are considered in this case. The law of engineering default is depicted which shows untied safety rope and the weakening of the rope produced by the company. This improper maintenance created by the manager helps in indicating the negligence act conducted. With the consideration of providing recommendations, the consideration of the analysis is created with damaging the public relations and thereby the solutions can be depicted in an appropriate manner for the enhancement of the problems (Nottage, 2010).According to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, the companies should operate their business fairly and providing quality services to their customers. It thereby focuses on the recommending the changes w hich must be made is related to the steel platform and the corrosions that had taken in the case helps in considering the issues that are depicted for the enhancement of the case study. . The civil liability act can be used by the company to defend itself and showing that the company is not responsible for the act. The changes regarding the structure of the platform must be changed and thereby the considerations are created as per the law of the negligence. As per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5, Bungee World Ltd states that the incident undertaken represents the negligence of the managers of the company and thereby the act seems to be implemented on the case Therefore, the above mentioned laws are implemented with depicting considerations made for the case study. It clearly indicates the law of negligence that is undertaken for Loki and thereby it sets the example for the negligence undertaken by the manager with also indicating the construction faults as indicated in the rope as per the Civil Liability Act NSW 2002 Sec 5 is indicated in this case. Henceforth the recommendation that is provided that the decrement in elasticity is very much essential for the enhancement of the Bungee Jumping and thereby the problems can be easily mitigated with considering the values lives of the people or the public. With the increment in the elasticity, the enhancements are depicted as forth the impact is created in focusing on the physical damages that are made. In order to reduce the threats regarding the lives, the changes are very much essential for the purpose of creating a profitable organization. Henceforth the case depicted represents the dangers for the common people who would like to try the game and thereby the case depicts that Lokis life was in danger but fortunately he was saved. The National Employment Standards (NES) are minimum employment entitles that are provided to all the employees of the organization. The National Minimum Wage helps in the creation of the minimum entitlements for the employees seems to be fixed in Australia. The award seems to be related employment contract with creating appropriate agreement or the other registered agreements which are provided with not less than the ten conditions of national minimum wages or the NES. Henceforth the NES in this case cannot be excluded (Fair work, 2016). The discussion provides the appropriate definition of NES which must be included for the appropriate enhancement of the company. The entitlements of NES are maximum weekly hours, flexible working arrangements, parental leave, annual leave, personal carers leave, long service leave, community service leave, public holidays, fair work information, termination notice and redundancy pay. All the employees present in the system of the national workplace relation seem to be covered by the NES regardless of the award which is registered by the agreement or employment contract which is applied (Australian Fair Work Act 2009, 2013). The casual employees only receive the NES entitlements which are related to the following:- Unpaid compassionate leave Unpaid community service leave Unpaid carers leave The fair work information statement Flexible working arrangements Annual leave long service leave The long casual leaves are also eligible for some case of the service leaves and thereby the emphasis is created. This helps in the systematic regulation of the employees and thereby the rotation of the 123 months period is included for each and every employee (Towards more productive and equitable workplaces, 2012). The appropriate benefits are mentioned above helps the employees to receive the benefits in an appropriate manner from the Company BHP. For ensuring that the company BHP is not contravening the standards, can only be depicted by the appropriate judgment of the standards of NES being implemented on the employees in an appropriate manner. The standard is followed by the company BHP Billiton that are as follows: Maximum Weekly hours of the work must be appropriately depicted. Requesting the flexible working arrangements Parental leave and the other related entitlements Annual leave consisting of four weeks paid leave per year plus the additional week of the certain shift workers. Personal/careers leave with the compassionate leave Community service leave Long service leave Public holidays Notice of termination with the redundancy pay Fair work information statement must be provided to all the workers with determining the information about the freedom of association and the termination of employment is also included (Understanding the Fair Work Act, 2011). The respective roles of the fair work must be included with the creation of the consideration in this case. The case study depicts that Rebecca is a self-working woman who is only able to communicate in English at a basic level. The consideration of the case helps in depicting the appropriate representation of the Dave of which Rebecca received a random call from the Free Plumbing services. Dave explained all the details to Rebecca and thereby it seems to that the Rebecca is seemed to be forced with depicting the nature of the case(Australian Law Legislation, 2016). With all the enforcement being made by the Dave to Rebecca, the net outcomes that she was agreed to take the product Ono water filter from Dave for which she signed the agreement without going through the document. Then she paid to Dave $2000 in cash and then he installed the device. Acts The case clearly depicts the enforcement of selling of the products as per the Australian Consumer law. The case simply depicts the enactment of the enforcement of selling the commodity to the customers with pressurizing the customer. As per the Australian law of the Consumer Act under the case study of Richard Johnstone and Christine Parker, Enforceable Undertakings in Action Report of a Roundtable Discussion with Australian Regulators (February 2010), the seller is not liable to pressurize the customer for buying the product and henceforth if disobeyed then the according to the Act, the consumers are liable to take legal action against the seller which simply depicted in this case study (Competition and Consumer Act 2010, 2016). It thereby also helps in enacting the customers which seems to be liable for the enhancement of the law; thereby it also depicts the enhancement of the conduct that seems to be created in the case of the Commercial Bank v Amadio: High Court Decision: The H C develops certain special disadvantages. These include poverty, language, age, infirmity, education levels Section s20 of the ACL has codified these disadvantages. The Australian Consumer Law of section 22, Part2-2--Unconscionable conduct is also depicted in this case of Dave and Rebecca. These simply depicts that the Rebecca is liable for taking legal actions against the enforcement made by the seller Dave for the product Ono water filter (Malbon and Nottage, 2013). As per the ACCC act with depicting the protection of the consumers, Issue 3:Terms that unfairly restrict the consumers right to terminate the contract, depicts the cancellation of the contract for Rebecca. Principles According to the Australian Consumer Law of section 22, Part2-2--Unconscionable conduct, the unconscionable conduct affecting the customers seems to be related to this case and thereby the considerations are created with the enhancement of the general customers. Dave enforced Rebecca to buy the product for the purpose of completing the target provided to the Dave and thereby the unconscionable conduct was conducted by Dave in this case. It includes that the enforcement of the customers must not be undertaken with creating the conduct unconscionable. Dave forced Rebecca to purchase the water filter and it would be considered as an unconscionable behavior. The provisions that are made connected to the section 3 of the consumer guarantees and thereby the protection of the customer is seemed to be enacted by the section 21(Tarakson, 2007). The significance of this case is depicted as per the case study of Christine Parker, Restorative Justice in Business Regulation? The Australian Compet ition and Consumer Commissions Use of Enforceable Undertakings (2004) 67(2)The Modern Law Review209, with thereby considering the consumer purchase and thereby the legal considerations are undertaken with depicting the views of the product and henceforth the enhancements are made accordingly as per the states of the mind is depicted. The misleading conduct is applied which is undertaken in this case study and thereby the considerations are created with the contract that seems to be created accordingly (Nottage, 2010). References Australian Fair Work Act 2009. (2013). Sydney: CCH Australia. Australian Law Legislation, (2016).Library Guides: Australian Law Legislation: the Australasian Legal Information Institute Database (AustLII): Welcome. [online] Libguides.melbournepolytechnic.edu.au. Available at: https://libguides.melbournepolytechnic.edu.au/lawaustlii [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Borgeon, M. and Cellich, C. (2012).Trade promotion strategies best practices. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Burrell, D. and McGinn, J. (2009).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Competition and Consumer Act 2010, (2016).Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [online] Legislation.gov.au. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2015C00327 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Code of Business Conduct, (2016). [online] Bhpbilliton.com. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/aboutus/ourcompany/code-of-business-conduct/160310_codeofbusinessconduct_english.pdf?la=en Engineers Australia, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Fair work, (2016).Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Fair Work Ombudsman. Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Griggs, L., Duke, A., Nielsen, J. and Cejnar, L. (2012).Competition law in Australia. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law Business, Kluwer Law International. Malbon, J. and Nottage, L. (2013).Consumer law policy in Australia New Zealand. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Miller, R., Sims, R. and Miller, R. (2013).Miller's Australian Competition and Consumer Law annotated. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Law Books. Nottage, L. (2010). Consumer law reform in Australia: Contemporary and Comparative Constructive Criticism.QUT Law Review, 9(2). Ong, D. (2007).Trusts law in Australia. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Shaw, M. (2003).International law. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Tarakson, S. (2007).The law in Australia. Port Melbourne, Vic.: Heinemann Library. Thomas, G. (2010).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Tony Ciro, et.al, (2014).Law and Business - Oxford University Press. [online] Oup.com.au. Available at: https://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/law/commercial__and__business_law/9780195524048 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Towards more productive and equitable workplaces. (2012). Canberra: A.C.T. Understanding the Fair Work Act. (2011). North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. White, R. (2009).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia.

History Of Philippine Cinema Argumentative Essay Example For Students

History Of Philippine Cinema Argumentative Essay History of Philippine Cinema Introduction The youngest of the Philippine arts, film has evolved to become the most popular of all the art forms. Introduced only in 1897, films have ranged from silent movies to talkies; black and white to color. Outpacing its predecessors by gaining public acceptance, from one end of the country to the other, its viewers come from all walks of life. Nationwide, there are more than 1000 movie theaters. Early in the 1980s, it was estimated in Metro Manila alone, there were around 2. 5 million moviegoers. As an art form, it reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness. Philippine film as discussed in this paper includes films made by Filipino people exhibited in this country and possibly in other countries from the 1930s to the 1990s. The films may be silent pictures or talkies, black and white or color. They also include films such as documentaries, animation, experimental or alternative films and other types of films. This paper has three purposes or objectives. It intends, first of all, to provide a comprehensible background of the art of film in the Philippines. It provides insights on how the Philippine film has influenced Philippine culture and vice-versa. This is done by documenting the important events and important films in the area of film for the past ninety years. Second, it intends to explain the different trends and styles common in the Philippine film. And finally, it concludes with an analysis on how two important events in history, namely World War II and Martial Law altered the course of contemporary Philippine film. However, this paper is limited to films only from the particular time period of the 1930s to the 1990s. It fails to give a picture of how films were like ever since it started in 1897. This paper is also severely limited due to the unavailability and the lack of materials that discuss thoroughly the history of Philippine film. Film materials for those made during the pre-WWII years are simply non-existent. Data for this paper was gathered from the essays and reviews written by the artists and the critics themselves. It goes without saying that the resources were tested to the limits. CHAPTER 1 I. The 1930s to 1940s A. Early Philippine Films Filipinos started making movies in 1919. However, it would be important to know that the film industry in the Philippines began through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs. Two Swiss entrepreneurs introduced film shows in Manila as early as 1897, regaling audiences with documentary films lips showing recent events and natural calamities in Europe. Not only that but the arrival of the silent films, along with American colonialism, in 1903 created a movie market. But these film clips were still novelties. They failed to hold the audiences attention because of their novelty and the fact that they were about foreigners. When two American entrepreneurs made a film in 1912 about Jose Rizals execution, the sensation they made it clear that the Filipinos need for material close to their hearts. This heralded the making of the first Filipino film. The credit of being the first Filipino to make a film goes to Jose Nepumuceno, whom historians dub as the Father of Philippine Movies. Nepumucenos first film was based on a highly-acclaimed musical play of that day, Dalagang Bukid Country Maiden by Hemogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio. In those early years of filmmaking, enormous capital was needed to keep up with the Hollywood industry. Despite its weak points, Hollywood provided the Philippine film industry with examples that the early filmmakers followed. It is not surprising that many of those same genres set so many years ago still appear in contemporary Philippine films. But it was difficult to match Hollywood style in those days with the meager capital set aside for the developing film industry. Ironically, the same people who helped the film industry develop as a form of expression were the same ones who suppressed this expression. Early film producers includedwealthy Spaniards, American businessmen and Filipino landlords and politicians. It is not surprising that pre-war Philippine movies were inhibited from expressing their views that might question the establishment and were encouraged instead to portray the love and reconciliation between members of different classes Starting with Dalagang Bukid, early films dug into traditional theater forms for character types , twists and turns in the plot, familiar themes and conventions in acting. This set the trend of Philippine films based entirely on immensely popular dramas or sarswelas . Besides providing ready materials, this device of using theater pieces ensured an already existing market. From the komedya of the sarswela, the typical Filipino aksyon movie was to develop. The line dividing the good and the bad in the komedya was religion with the Christians being the good and the Moors representing the bad. In present movies, the line that divides the two is now law or class division. The sinakulo or the passion play was the root of the conventional Filipino melodrama. The Virgin Mary became the all-suffering, all-forgiving Filipino Mother and Jesus was the savior of societies under threat and the redeemer of all those who have gone wrong. Another source of movie themes was Philippine literature. Francisco Baltazar and Jose Rizal, through the classics for which they were famous, have given the industry situations and character types that continue to this day to give meat to films both great and mediocre. Finally, by the 1930s, a few film artists and producers dared to stray from the guidelines and commented on sociopolitical issues, using contemporary or historical matter. Director, actor, writer and producer Julian Manansalas film Patria Amore Beloved Country was almost suppressed because of its anti-Spanish sentiments. This earned him the honor of being dubbed the Father of the Nationalistic Film. Its own share of movie audience and acclaim for local movie stars were signs that the movie industry from 1919 to the 1930s had succeeded. Despite the competition coming from Hollywood, the film industry thrived and flourished. When the 1930s came to a close, it was clear that moviegoing had established itself in the Filipino. B. Wartime Films and the Effect on Philippine Films The Japanese Occupation introduced a new player to the film industry aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Japanese; and a new role for film aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" propaganda : The Pacific War brought havoc to the industry in 1941. The Japanese invasion put a halt to film activity when the invaders commandeered precious film equipment for their own propaganda needs. The Japanese brought their own films to show to Filipino audiences. The films the Japanese brought failed to appeal to audiences the same way the Hollywood-made movies or the locally-made films did. Later on, Japanese propaganda offices hired several local filmmakers to make propaganda pictures for them. One of these filmmakers was Gerardo de Leon. The war years during the first half of the Forties virtually halted filmmaking activities save for propaganda work that extolled Filipino-Japanese friendship, such as The Dawn of Freedom made by director Abe Yutaka and associate director Gerardo de Leon Less propagandistic was Tatlong Maria Three Marias, directed in 1944, by Gerardo de Leon and written for the screen by Tsutomu Sawamura from Jose Esperanza Cruzs novel Despite the destruction and hardships of the war, the people found time for entertainment; and when movies were not being made or imported they turned to live theater which provided alternative jobs for displaced movie folk. The war years may have been the darkest in film history This period turned out to be quite beneficial to the theater industry. Live theater began to flourish again as movie stars, directors and technicians returned to the stage. Many found it as a way to keep them from being forgotten and at the same time a way to earn a living. In 1945 the film industry was already staggering to its feet. The entire nation had gone through hell and there were many stories to tell about heroic deeds and dastardly crimes during the 3 years of Japanese occupation. A Philippine version of the war movie had emerged as a genre in which were recreated narratives of horror and heroism with soldiers and guerillas as protagonists audiences still hungry for new movies and still fired up by the patriotism and hatred for foreign enemies did not seem to tire of recalling their experiences of war. Movies such as Garrison 13 1946, Dugo ng Bayan The Countrys Blood, 1946, Walang Kamatayan Deathless, 1946, and Guerilyera 1946 , told the people the stories they wanted to hear: the heroes and the villains of the war. The war, however, had left other traces that were less obvious than war movies that were distinctly Filipino. As Patronilo BN. Daroy said in his essay Main Currents in Filipino Cinema: World War II left its scars on the Filipinos imagination and heightened his sense of reality CHAPTER II II. The 1950s to 1970s A. History Of Prisons EssayUnder martial law, action films depicting shoot outs and sadistic fistfights which were as violent as ever usually append to the ending an epilogue claiming that the social realities depicted had been wiped out with the establishment of the New Society. The notorious genre of sex or bomba films that appeared in the preceding decade were now tagged as bold films, simply meaning that a lot more care was given to the costumes. Martial Law declared in 1972 clamped down on bomba films as well as political movies critical of the Marcos administration. But the audiences taste for sex and nudity had already been whetted. Producers cashed in on the new type of bomba, which showed female stars swimming in their underwear, taking a bath in their camison chemise, or being chased and raped in a river, sea, or under a waterfall. Such movies were called the wet look One such movie was the talked-about Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng Lupa The Most Beautiful Animal on the Face of the Earth, 1974 starring former Miss Universe Gloria Diaz. However, the less-than-encouraging environment of the 70s gave way to the ascendancy of young directors who entered the industry in the late years of the previous decade Directors such as Lino Brocka, best remembered for his Maynila, Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag Manila, In the Claws of Neon Lights, 1975, Ishmael Bernal, director of the Nora Aunor film Himala Miracle, 1982 and Celso Ad. Castillo, whose daring works portrayed revolt, labor unionism, social ostracism and class division, produced works that left no doubt about their talent in weaving a tale behind the camera. Ano ther welcomed result that came from martial rule was the requirement of a script prior to filming. This was an innovation to a film industry that made a tradition out of improvising a screenplay. Although compliance with the requirement necessarily meant curtailment of the right of free expression, the BCMP, in effect caused the film industry to pay attention to the content of a projected film production in so far as such is printed in a finished screenplay. In doing so, talents in literature found their way into filmmaking and continue to do so now. CHAPTER III II. The 1980s to the present A. Philippine Films after Marcos It can be justified that immediately after Marcos escaped to Hawaii, films portraying the Philippine setting have had a serious bias against the former dictator. And even while he was in power, the militancy of filmmakers opposing the Martial Law government especially after the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, accounts for the defiant stance of a number of films made in the closing years of the Marcos rule. Films such as Lino Brockas Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim My Country: Gripping the Knifes Edge, 1985 were defiant, not in the sense of it being openly stated by in the images of torture, incarceration, struggle and oppression. Marilou Diaz-Abayas Karnal 1984 depicts this in a different way in the films plot wherein patricide ends a tyrannical fathers domination. Mike de Leons Sister Stella L. 1984, was a typical de Leon treatment of the theme of oppression and tyranny. In 1977, an unknown Filipino filmmaker going by the name of Kidlat Tahimik made a film called Mababangong Bangungot Perfumed Nightmare. The film won the International Critics Prize in the Berlin Film Festival that same year. Kidlat Tahimiks rise to fame defined the distance between mainstream cinema and what is now known as independent cinema. Beginning with Tahimik, independent cinema and films became an accomplished part of Philippine film. Out of short film festivals sponsored by the University of the Philippines Film Center and by the Experimental Cinema of the Philippines, young filmmakers have joined Kidlat Tahimik in the production of movies that, by their refusal to kowtow to the traditions and conventions of mainstream filmmaking, signify faith in works that try to probe deeper into the human being and into society. Nick Deocampos Oliver 1983 and Raymond Reds Ang Magpakailanman The Eternal, 1983 have received attention in festivals abroad. Filmmakers like Tahimik, Deocampo and Red are examples of what we call alternative filmmakers. Alternative or independent filmmakers are products of film schools where students are exposed to art films without the compromises of commercial filmmaking. B. Contemporary Philippine Film Despite our completion of 100 years of cinema in the Philippines, the same problems plague us now just as it had when film was still a relatively new art form. The phrase poorly made is fitting to describe the quality of films being churned out by the film industry year by year. There have been few exceptions to the rule. Presently, films are primarily made for profit, lacking any qualities to redeem itself. Studies show that Hollywood films, with its high technology and subject matter, are being preferred over local films. It is no wonder aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for films now are too profit-oriented corrupting morals and dubious values sticking with formulaic films Genres that have been present for the past few decades are being recycled over and over again with the same stories. The teen love teams of the fan movie are still present with incarnations of love teams of yesteryears. Now instead of Guy and Pip are Judy and Wowie. The bomba film is still present, now having grown more pornographic and taboo. The film Tatlo 1998 comes to mind with its subject matter of threesomes. In Filipino slapstick or komedya, Dolphy has been replaced by younger stars. But even if the films of today have not been quite up to par, Filipino movies wields an influence over the national imagination far more intense that all the others combined. C. Conclusion The early years of Philippine film, starting from the 1930s, were a time of discovering film as it was at that time still a new art form. Stories for films came from the theater and popular literature being, as they were, safe, with the filmmaker being assured of its appeal. Nationalistic films were also in vogue despite early restrictions on films being too subversive. The 1940s and the war brought to Philippine film the consciousness of reality which was not present in the preceding films. Filmmakers dared to venture into the genre of the war movie. This was also a ready market especially after the war. The 1950s were the Golden Years, a time when films matured and became more artistic. The studio system, though producing film after film and venturing into every known genre, made the film industry into a monopoly that prevented the development of independent cinema. The 1960s, though a time of positive changes, brought about an artistic decline in films. The notorious genre of bomba was introduced and from that day forward has been present in the Philippine film scene ever since. The 1970s and 1980s were turbulent years, bringing positive and negative changes. From the decline in the 60s, films in this period now dealt with more serious topics following the chaos of the Marcos regime. Also, action and sex films developed further introducing more explicit pictures. These years also brought the arrival of alternative cinema in the Philippines. Presently, in the 1990s, we are seemingly engaged in a vicious cycle aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of genres, plots, characterization and cinematic styles. We are unconsciously, or rather consciously, imitating, copying from the much more popular American films. And when we are not copying, we are reverting back to the same old styles. From the massacre movies of late, the teen-oriented romantic-comedies and the anatomy-baring sex flicks which are currently so popular, it seems Philippine cinema is on a down spiral. Still, some films been successes and not only financially. Diaz-Abayas Rizal 1998, as an example, was a success both commercially and critically. Hopefully, Philippine cinema in the new millenium would produce films as good and better than the ones before it. As a conclusion, here is what Patronilo BN. Daroy had to say about the Philippine film industry: Philippine cinema, in short, appears to have reached full circle: it is at the stage of refining and formulating its own conventions and, in the process, getting in close contact with the ferment in the other arts and at the same time, the serious critical attention and concern of people with a broader interest in culture. This is inevitable; as an art form the cinema in the Philippines can no longer remain isolated from the main current of sensibilities and ideas that shape other artistic forms, such as literature, painting, the theater, etc. Neither can it fly from the actuality of social life which, after all, is the source of all artistic expression. I foresee, therefore, a hand towards more serious cinema; the muckrakers will continue, but they will be exposed for what they are and will no longer be definitive of the quality of Filipino films.

Single Sex Schools free essay sample

Pro-Con Essays On Single-Sex Schools The advantages and disadvantages of single-sex schools are still debated in the field of education. As the name implies, single-sex schools or single-sex education separate male and female students so that they learn in either all male or all female classrooms and environments. This was a common practice in the past but fell out of favor with charges of unequal access to quality education and opportunities for female students. The advantages and disadvantages of single-sex schools are the focus of pro-con essays on single-sex schools.Are single-sex schools better than coed schools? Who benefits and who loses from single-sex education? Can separate but equal be attained in single-sex education? These are just some of the questions addressed in pro-con essays on single-sex schools. Also, keep in mind that pro-con essays on single-sex schools are similar to distance learning essays, school inclusion essays and essays on the pros and cons of homeschooling as all are concerned with how we deliver quality education to children. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Sex Schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the advantages of single-sex schools to discuss in pro-con essays on single-sex schools include the following: 1) in single sex schools boys tend to become less competitive and become more collaborative thereby learning the value of cooperation; 2) conversely, girls learn how to become more competitive and feel less threatened by the competition from boys; 3) single-sex schools allow male students to feel more comfortable with subjects that are considered more ‘feminine’ such as language, music and the arts and girls are allowed to feel more comfortable learning subjects that are considered more ‘masculine’ such as math, science, and engineering; and 4) single-sex schools eliminate some of the social pressure of dating and interacting with the opposite sex that is so significant in coed schools. Pro-con essays on single-sex schools should elaborate upon and explain these advantages. The disadvantages of single-sex education should also be detailed in pro-con essays on single-sex schools.These disadvantages include evidence that students who have attended single-sex schools have trouble adjusting to the coed environment of higher education and that the lack of diversity in single-sex schools is limiting and does not prepare students for the real world. Also, many find the notion of single-sex schools incongruous with the notion of equal opportunity. These potential disadvantages need to be listed in pro-con essays on single-sex schools also. A comparison of the personal development and academic achievements of students in single-sex schools with those in coed schools can also be helpful to provide in pro-con essays on single-sex schools. Single Sex Schools free essay sample Whether high school or college, single-gender schools are generally considered the cream of the crop. Parents believe that if they take their children to all-boys or all-girls schools they will receive a better education that is more targeted toward their childs gender, without the distractions of the opposite sex. There are others on the other hand who believe that students in these types of schools do not necessarily benefit from single-gender education. However within the last ten years, the number of single sex schools has increased rapidly because educators are constantly searching for ways to better educate children. Due to the social problems among teenagers that have a different mind-set than their parents that start dating at the young age, some parents may prefer to send their children to single-sex schools. There are many advantages and disadvantages of single-sex schools that show single-sex schools should be or not to be promoted in Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Sex Schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Study in single-sex schools makes the students concentrate on what is more important at this age: education. Some educationalist believe that teenagers who study in single-sex schools help to avoid the attractions of opposite sex. The students study in mixed-sex schools, they might be interact with each other, and have relationship with their schoolmates. If they are not carefully, they may get themselves into unplanned pregnancies troubles and problems. Single-sex schools provides a chance to overcome the fear of stereotypes. Girls can study easier in physics, technology, math, and computers subject in the environment because they dont have to compete with the boys, while boys also can participate in some non-macho activities, like poetry, dramatics, art history, and music without having worry on their image. This breaking of stereotypes helps to increase the confidence of students studying in single gender educational institutions. Laird Harrison’s article, â€Å"A Classroom in which you can speak your mind,† shows an overview of how single-sex education could stimulate boys and girls to focus their attention on study. (Maria F. Alvarez, Ms. Al Askari, ESL 13, Composition III; 2nd October 2006. ) Harrison states that girls and boys learn differently and how girls may learn better without the presence of boys because they can speak out and ask questions, feeling then more confident. However, It has not been proved that girls in single-gender schools get better grades than in traditional schools, says Eliot Jones in the August 2009 issue of the International Debate Education Association. Study in single-sex schools may bring along with several social issues, such as interactions between both genders, lack of diversity, and so on. Males and females regularly interact both socially as well as professionally in their daily lives. When students attend single-sex schools, they unable successfully interact with members of the opposite sex, and may encourage an inability to understand each other, thereby increasing negative future interactions. Students may set up for failure in future social situations that the lack of diversity a single-sec school create. For example, effective social cues and relationship building skills come through first-hand experience. As a result, they may face difficulty in their social life when they adjusting to co-ed environments because they do not have the right skills in dealing with people. The lack of opportunities for normal social progression also need to be concern. In conclusion, having teenagers study in single-sec schools may brings more disadvantages for their education and also their future social situations. In my opinion, as I came from mixed-sex schools, I truly believe that mixed-sex school is a better choice for the students. I disagree to promote single-sex schools in Malaysia due to the disadvantages that given. Single Sex Schools free essay sample Questions 1. Do single-sex schools better educate children? (Neutral) 2. Do boys and girls distract each other from their studies? (Neutral) 3. Would single-sex schools be consistent with today’s society of equality between men and women? (Neutral) Issue Summary I oppose single sex school especially since women have fought hard to serve alongside men in combat and completive jobs that only men served in at one time. It sounds like regressing to me. A 2004 statement from the American Association of University Women says, â€Å"Single-sex classrooms distract from real problems in schools and would throw out the most basic legal standards prohibiting sex discrimination in education. † One study evaluated cognitive tests attempted by boys and girls from single sex and mixed sex education system . It was found that boys in single-sex schools did not have higher test scores than boys in coeducational schools and that girls experienced no statistically significant positive effects of single-sex school enrollment (LePore and Warren , 1997) It really serves no purpose and there is no data that shows that by separating boy and girls while educating them will make them better citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Sex Schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If it is about the achievement gaps, there are other ways to close gaps that are proven, such as, smaller class sizes and extra training for teachers. â€Å"People are looking for a single silver bullet, but there’s no quick fix. † Our students have much to contribute to each other, and students of all ages benefit from being engaged in activities and learning in the company of the opposite sex. In the classroom, learning experiences need to resemble real-world life experiences. How can we prepare students for future families, homes, and workplaces without exposing them to members of the opposite sex? How can we expect them to learn to respect and appreciate gender differences as adults if we do not teach them to form healthy relationships and have positive interactions and appropriate dialogues now? As educators, our efforts should not be driven by how we can separate students to minimize distractions but by how we can bring all students together to maximize learning.